مانا کہ زمانہ ستم ایجاد بہت ہے
مجھ کو شہہِ کونینؐ کی امداد بہت ہے
آیا تھا تصور میں بس اک پل کو مدینہ
دل ہے کہ اُسی لمحے سے آباد بہت ہے
بیکار ہے افکار کی دُنیا میں بھٹکنا
مجھ کو تو حضورؐ آپؐ کا ارشاد بہت ہے
کچھ اِس کے سنورنے کا بھی سامان ہو آقا ؐ
بستی جو زمیں پر ہے وُہ برباد بہت ہے
ایمان کی شمعیں ہوں فروزاں دل و جاں میں
اِس دورِ سیہ رنگ میں الحاد بہت ہے
Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19), declared as a pandemic in March 2020, is an acute respiratory tract illness caused by coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) with clinical manifestations ranging from mild upper respiratory tract symptoms to severe pneumonia. Objectives: To determine the disease spectrum of Covid-19 in a cohort with a travel history from Iran. Materials & Methods: This cross-sectional study with a retrospective collection of data was conducted at Agha Khan University, Karachi from 15th March to 19th April 2020. One hundred and fifty-five laboratory-confirmed cases of Covid-19 were recruited from a government quarantine facility. Data were obtained from the Punjab Emergency Services (Rescue 1122) database where a record of SARS-CoV-2 positive cases and quarantined persons is maintained. Study subjects with a travel history to Iran were contacted by telephone to obtain information about demographics, symptoms, and co-morbid conditions. SPSS version 24 was used to analyze the data. Frequencies and percentages were calculated. Results: Among the returning travelers, 213 had laboratory-confirmed Covid-19, out of which 155 were included in this study. 56.1% were males with a mean age of 40 years. Among the study participants, 91.6% remained asymptomatic throughout the stay, while 8.4 % became symptomatic. 77.5% of the participants had received BCG vaccination in childhood. Among symptomatic cases 15.4% had asthma and 7.7% had hypertension. The most common clinical manifestation was cough which was present in 38.5% of the study participants. None died among the study participants. Conclusion: A mild presentation of COVID-19 was seen in our study participants with 91.6% among them being asymptomatic, while 8.4% were symptomatic. There was a high positivity rate in males as compared to females.
This work presents new results regarding the behavior of some non-Newtonian fluids into different circumstances. After some preliminaries regarding constitutive equations, motion equations and integral transforms, new exact solutions for the ve- locity field and the shear stress corresponding to some flows with technical relevance have been established for ordinary second grade, Oldroyd-B fluids and generalized Maxwell fluids. Just as in the case of Navier-Stokes fluids, it is necessary to develop a large class of exact and approximate solutions, they serving as tests to verify nu- merical schemes that are developed to study complex unsteady flow problems. In chapter 2, by means of the Laplace transform, there are established new exact solutions corresponding to the first problem of Stokes for Oldroyd-B fluids. These solutions, in accordance with the previous results obtained using Fourier sine trans- form, can be easily specialized to give similar solutions for Maxwell fluids. The main aim of chapter 3 was to solve a very important problem, namely to determine the re- quired time to reach the steady-state for the second problem of Stokes corresponding to second grade fluids. In addition to solve this problem we also found new exact so- lutions for this problem. Our solutions, unlike the solutions obtained by Erdogan for Newtonian fluids, are written as a sum between steady state and transient solutions. Chapter 4 contains exact solutions for the unsteady flow of an Oldroyd-B fluid between two side walls perpendicular to a plate. In the absence of side walls the obtained solutions tend to the similar solutions for the flow over a flat plate (the first problem of Stokes). The influence of the pertinent parameters on the velocity of the fluid at the middle of the channel as well as on the shear stress on the bottom is underlined by graphical illustrations. In chapter 5, by means of Laplace and Hankel transforms, we obtained the solutions for unsteady flow of a generalized Maxwell fluid between two circular cylinders. These solutions, presented as a sum of the Newtonian solutions and the non-Newtonian contributions, can be easily specialized to give the similar solutions for ordinary Maxwell fluids. Finally, the influence of the pertinent parameters on the velocity of the fluid are also underlined by graphical illustrations.