Indian Muslim Freedom Fighters Based in Afghanistan and Soviet Russia

At the outbreak of the First Word War, the Indian Muslim freedom fighters headed towards Afghanistan and thence to Soviet Russia to devise a strategy to pulverize the British Indian government through an alliance of the powers that were hostile to the British Imperialism in India such as Germany, Turkey, Czarist Russia and Soviet Russia. The present paper takes into account the life struggle of a few spirited individuals such as Mawlana Abdur Rahim alias Maulv Bashir, Maulvi Muhammad Ali Quāuri, Mawlana Barakatullah Bhopali, Mawlana Ubayd Allah Sindhi and a host of others who found their way towards Afghanistan with the avowed intention of the liquidation of the British Imperialism from India. The activities of these Freedom fighters apparently did not bring about immediate tangible results in terms of the freedom of India; however, they contributed to the complete freedom of Afghanistan and in subsequent years brought the goal of the freedom of their own country nearer.

Impact of Moonlighting on Organizational Commitment and Job Satisfaction of University Teachers

The research was undertaken to study the moonlighting practice and exploring its relationship with organizational commitment and job satisfaction of university teachers. This document presents the results of the study about moonlighting practices of university teachers of public sector universities of Punjab and Federal Capital. The study was delimited to main campuses of these universities. The objectives of the study were to identify the factors responsible for moonlighting among university teachers, to explore relationship between moonlighting and organizational commitment, to establish relationship of moonlighting with job satisfaction. Furthermore to discover consequences and implications of moonlighting on academicians and educational institutions and finally compare practice of moonlighters with non-moonlighters and find group difference between them. vii Population of the study consisted of the four categories of university teachers including Professors, Associate Professors, Assistant Professors and Lecturers of public sector universities of Punjab and Federal Capital. 20% of the population was taken as sample using stratified random sampling technique. A questionnaire was used as instrument for collection of data for the study. The questionnaire comprised of two sections. Section one consisted of demographic information about population. Section two consisted of five parts; antecedents of moonlighting, components of job satisfaction, types of organizational commitment, implications of moonlighting for academicians and implications of moonlighting for organizations. Twenty-two null hypotheses were formulated and were tested for measuring impact of moonlighting on job satisfaction, organizational commitment, implication for academicians and organizations. One hypothesis was formulated to explore group difference between moonlighters and non-moonlighters on job satisfaction, organizational commitment and its implications for academicians and organizations. Overall the major findings of the study revealed that there was significant impact of moonlighting on organizational commitment and job satisfaction. Furthermore the findings revealed that there were implications of moonlighting for academicians’ and their organizations. Finally group difference between moonlighters and non-moonlighters was explored in respect of job satisfaction, organizational commitment, implications for academicians’ and the organizations and difference was found to be significant.