پروفیسر محمد حبیب
پروفیسر محمد حبیب ہندوستان کی قرون وسطیٰ کی تاریخ کے نامور مورخ تھے، اس کے ماہر جانے جاتے تھے، پوری عمر مسلم یونیورسٹی سے وابستہ رہے، اور شعبہ تاریخ کی صدارت سے ریٹائر ہوئے، وہ صحیح معنوں میں طالب علم تھے، ان کی پوری زندگی تعلیم و تدریس اور تالیف و تصنیف میں گذری، اس کا ان کو ایسا چسکا تھا کہ ریٹائر ہونے کے بعد بھی مسلم یونیورسٹی کے طلبہ کی علمی و تعلیمی رہنمائی کرتے رہتے تھے، انہوں نے اسلامی ہندکی تاریخ پر سیکڑوں مضامین لکھے، لیکن اس کے بعض پہلووں کے متعلق ان کے خیالات دوسرے مسلمان مورخین سے مختلف تھے، اور اس میں اعتدال و توازن نہ تھا، جس کا نمونہ ان کی کتاب محمود غزنوی اور ڈاکٹر اطہر عباس رضوی کی کتاب کا مقدمہ ہے جس میں انہوں نے مصنف کو البیرونی، بوعلی سینا، خواجہ نظام الدین اولیاء اور شیخ عبدالحق محدث دہلوی کا ہم پایہ بنادیا ہے، لیکن اس سے ان کے علمی کمال میں فرق نہیں آتا، وہ علمی سیاست کے آدمی نہیں تھے، لیکن خیالات کے لحاظ سے پکے نیشنلسٹ سمجھے جاتے تھے، ان کی موت سے ایک نامور مسلمان مورخ اٹھ گیا، اﷲ تعالیٰ ان کی لغرشوں سے درگذر کرے، اور ان کی مغفرت فرمائے۔ (شاہ معین الدین ندوی، جولائی ۱۹۷۱ء)
Natural Sciences learning laboratory activities are an integral part of teaching and learning activities, This shows how important the role of laboratory activities to achieve the goals of science education. Through laboratory activities, students will be given the opportunity to encourage curiosity and the desire to try, test and reason the theories obtained. The purpose of this study was to analyze the management of a science laboratory in SMP Negeri 4 Sojol. The research method uses qualitative methods and descriptive analysis. The research subjects were the head of the laboratory and the science subject teacher and the students at SMP Negeri 4 Sojol. Data collection techniques through observation, interviews and student learning outcomes. Based on the results of the study, the availability of natural science practicum tools in SMP Negeri 4 Sojol, the average availability of practical tools and materials 68.33% classified as complete categories, the average presentation of the feasibility of practical tools and materials 90.67% included in the excellent category based on the Ministry of Education number 24 of 2007. The effectiveness of practicum implementation in SMP Negeri 4 Sojol is classified as effective category with an average presentation of practicum at 85%. Coupled with an average increase in cognitive competencies average preetest 58 increase in posttest by as much as 87 in addition to the average value of competence in the areas of psychomotor average preetest obtained 60 and posttest 90 showed a significant increase competency knowledge and skills of learners. Success in the cognitive domain will also have a positive impact on the development of the psychomotor domain (skills) of students. Management of laboratory facilities and infrastructure planning in improving the quality of learning in schools must be planned by the head of the laboratory, planning science teachers by preparing learning tools and identifying the subject matter to be practiced in the laboratory, laboratory administration governance supported by good organization from the leadership of policy makers in school. Implementation of laboratory facilities and infrastructure management in improving the quality of learning in schools including procurement, inventory, storage, structuring, use, and maintenance. Supervision carried out by the principal is in accordance with the provisions, to be more efficient the school should make a program or schedule of supervision processes to be more controlled and run well and smoothly.
Man is the voice vicegerent of ALLAH on the earth. The purpose of his creation is to worship the welfare of the creature. For this purpose, ALLAH sent prophets. The teachings of divine religions are revealed by ALLAH.
Norms are the asset of life for the welfare of the nation. The prophets also impart the teachings to the followers of the divine that they should do for the wellbeing of humanity. They should spread the message of virtue and forbid evil. It was the mutual teaching of all the prophets. The purpose of this debate is the followers of divine religion should spread peace by abiding by the teachings of the prophets.
This work consists of four chapters, findings/suggestions, and a list of rich bibliographies. Introductions, statements of problems, hypotheses, objectives of the research, review of literature, and survey of the previous work have been added in prefix.
Chapter 1: It consists of the history of Jews, Christianity, and Islam, religious assets, and the life history of the prophets.
Chapter 2: This chapter deals with mutual beliefs, social issues, and ethics.
Chapter 3: In this chapter, the concept of worship, salvation, importance, purpose, and kind are mentioned.
Chapter 4: It consists of a debate on the mutual laws of divine religion and the concept of reward and punishment.
Each chapter is enclosed with references and descriptive notes on it.