علم الوقف والابتداءپر علامہ سجاوندی

The Qur'an is the verses of Allah, which Allah Himself has taken assurance to keep safe. And there is no any other opinion in saying that the Holy Qur'an is still safe today as the prophet Muhammadصلى الله عليه وسلم taught to his Companions. Thereafter, it is also obligatory to follow the Qur'anic punctuation and pronunciation during the recitation of holy Quran same as mandatories mentioned in Quran o Hadith and ijma-e-ummah to earnest reading of the Qur'an. The Arabs were linguists, so they stop to the proper place, understanding the meaning. But for the nonArabs, it was a very difficult matter. Therefore, for the   onvenience of the people, Allama Sajawandi put symbols in different places in the mus'haf so that these symbols can be dedicated in a suitable place keeping in mind and avoid spiritual error. Allama Sajawandi not only wrote many books on this topic but was the first to formulate endowment symbols on the Holy Quran. He Divide the symbols into five steps and apply them to the Mus'haf, Which are written still today.

A Slicing Technique for Object Oriented Systems Using Code Coverage and Faultdata

As the time goes on, the need for software applications is growing in every business, industry and for every event in life. One big challenge for software engineering is to test these increasing number of software applications. Software testing is a process to execute the software with the intent to verify its functionality. It also validates its process of development. Size of the program is one of the major concerns for tester during software testing. As thousands of lines of code are not easy to debug and test. The larger code makes the program complex. A program is analyzed to reduce program complexity. Program slicing is the program analysis technique that breaks the program code into smaller pieces. This research study proposed program slicing technique for object-oriented software testing to reduce program complexity. Object-oriented feature ?polymorphism? is taken as the subject for the program slicing techniques to minimize the overall testing cost and maximize the fault detection ability. This research proposed a program slicing technique for testing Object-Oriented systems by the use of adequacy measures code coverage and mutation analysis. Java programming language is considered for experiments of the proposed program slicing technique. Inclusiveness and precision metrics are used to evaluate the results of the experiment. These metrics are used for the assessment of test suite completeness and effectiveness.