نارسائی
ایک مدت گزر گئی
گھر والوں سے کوئی فرمائش نہیں کی
ایک عرصے سے آئینہ نہیں دیکھا
دیکھوں بھی کیا ؟
خود کا چہرہ تو یاد نہیں
مجھ پر کونسا رنگ اچھا لگتا ہے؟
معلوم نہیں
میں بال بنائوں تو کیسا لگتا ہوں؟
میں مسکرائوں تو کیسا لگتا ہوں ؟
میرا آئینہ بھی میرے اندر کی طرح لکیروں سے اٹا ہوا ہے
In the field of Defective Narrations or Ahādith Mu'allah, collection and study of chains and tracks have great importance. It is this process in which the difference in the texts and chains of narrations comes to the surface and their defects become evident. This difference in text and chains has different types, like: Waṣl wa Irsāl: the presence or the absence of a narrator in the chain of a narration. Raf' wa Waqf: attribution of a narration to the Prophet (PBUH) or to his companion. Addition or Deletion in the text or in the chain of a narration Sometimes, a narration has more than one types of differences. To determine the preference among the differences of the said types, scholars of Hadith (muḥaddithīn) have to use Presumptions of Preference or Qarā'in al-Tarjīḥ. Some of these presumptions are common among the hadith scholars known as Common Presumptions or Qarā'in Aghlabiyah. The present research discusses these presumptions with examples in light of the book al-'Ilal al-Wāridah fi al- Ahādith al-Nabawiyah authored by Imām al-Dārqutnī.
Aedes aegypti also known as Asian tiger is the vector responsible for Dengue fever in whole South Asia. Approximately 50-100 million people are at risk from this disease. Pakistan is also endemic for this disease. The need is to control the vector responsible for this disease. Chemical control by Indoor residual spraying and Insecticides treated nets is used for this purpose but this vector has acquired resistance for insecticides. Among alternates, one is the herbal control by phytochemicals but the use of direct extract may be toxic for non-target population, hence the present study is planned to evaluate the larvicidal efficacy of neem seed oil and leaves extract Nanoemulsion against Aedes aegypti. LC50 was 10.6(20.7-3.9) after 48 h. Tween 20 based high energy nanoemulsion of neem seed oil was obtained by ultrasonication which was found stable at room temperature.
Larvicidal efficacy of neem seed oil nanoemulsion having size 175nm with ratio 1:3 of oil and surfactant was 95%. It was found more ecofriendly, low-cost and effective against Aedes aegypti larvae. LC50 value shows good larvicidal potential of neem seed oil nanoemulsion as compare to neem leaves extract nanoemulsion after 48 hours. P values (p<0.05) also show the significance of results