شورش کاشمیری
شورش کاشمیری کی وفات بھی بڑا سانحہ ہے، ان کی نشوونما آزادیٔ ہند کی جدوجہد کے دوران ہوئی، انھوں نے آزادیٔ وطن کے علم برداروں کے ساتھ زندگی کا بڑا حصہ گزارا، مولانا آزاد، عطاء اﷲ شاہ بخاری اور مولانا ظفر علی خان سے انھیں گہرا تعلق تھا، ملک کی تقسیم سے پہلے ان کا قیام لاہور میں تھا، آزادی کے بعد وہ وہیں رہ گئے، لیکن انھیں وہاں کبھی اطمینان نصیب نہیں ہوا، ان کی زندگی کا بڑا حصہ جیلوں میں بسر ہوا، کبھی کبھی دارورسن کا خطرہ بھی ہوا مگر ان کے پائے ثبات کو کبھی لغرش نہیں ہوئی وہ بڑے قادر الکلام شاعر اور پرزور خطیب تھے، ان کا زور بیان اور حسن کلام مولانا ظفر علی خاں کی یاد دلاتا تھا، اعلان حق میں بڑی جری تھے اور اس راہ میں شدائد و مصائب سے کبھی ہراساں نہیں ہوئے، زندگی بھر تکلیفیں برداشت کرتے رہے، مگر کبھی باطل سے سمجھوتہ نہیں کیا، وہ دارالمصنفین کے بڑے ہمدرد اور بہی خواہ تھے اور اس کی خدمت و اعانت کے لئے ہمیشہ تیار رہتے تھے، اﷲ تعالیٰ ان کو اپنے سایۂ رحمت میں جگہ دے اور ان کی حق گوئی کا پورا صلہ عطا فرمائے۔ (عبد السلام قدوائی ندوی، نومبر ۱۹۷۵ء)
Islam orders to obey the ruler and not to indulge in activities that may cause disruption & instability of an Islamic state. This research discusses rules & regulations based on sīrah about rebellion (khurūj), and relevant topics from Islamic Jurisprudence. The basic question of this research is whether revolt against the ruler is permissible and what would be the punishment? This research elaborates four types of rebellion. Rulings of Muslim scholars regarding rebellion are subjected to the different positions of rulers. According to all school of thoughts the khurūj is not permitted if the ruler is lawful and serving his community with justice. In contrary, there is difference of opinions about the tyrannous and iniquitous ruler. This article concluded that majority of Muslim Scholars do not permit khurūj in any case, some others laid down very strict conditions in this regard.
Poultry diseases are a matter of serious concern and responsible for extremely large profit
making crisis in poultry industry per anum. Outbreaks of infectious bursal disease (IBD) are
continuously increasing despite vaccination in commercial broilers. The strains of IBDV
currently circulating in Chakwal district broiler flocks are not known. Clinicopathologic
analysis and reverse transcriptase PCR were used in 18 poultry farms which were situated in
district Chakwal to confirm field outbreaks of IBD. The genetic analysis of the hypervariable
part of the?VP2?gene was utilized to describe different features of total 6 isolates of these
outbreaks. Arrangement of nucleotides, infer amino acid sequences through phylogenetic
analysis of VP2 gene containing hypervariable part were used for dividing IBDV strains into
two groups. According to phylogenetic analysis, 5 IBDV strains showed special signatures of
amino acid in the VP2 gene as A222, I242, I256, I294, S299 and classified as vvIBDV.They
showed 97%?99% identity at the nucleotide level. Furthermore, the sequencing analysis of
detected field strains revealed the high similarity and close clustering with vvIBDV strains
isolated from India, Pakistan, and China, suggesting geographic and temporal relationships
among these strains. Interestingly, one IBDV strain clustered togather with vaccinal IBDV
strains and representing 99% sequence likeness with vaccine strains which were dissipated,
suggesting possible role of attenuated vaccines in the outbreaks of IBD. Our study revealed
circulation of vvIBDV strains in Chakwal broiler flocks and these evidences emphasize the
need of further detailed and more systemic approaches to evaluate IBDV diffusion and
characterization to design effective control strategies.