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Deterrence Stability in South Asia

Thesis Info

Author

Adeela Ahmed

Department

Deptt. of Defence and Strategic Studies, QAU.

Program

Mphil

Institute

Quaid-i-Azam University

Institute Type

Public

City

Islamabad

Province

Islamabad

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2009

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Page

iv,135

Subject

Defence & Strategic Studies

Language

English

Other

Call No: DISS/M.Sc DSS/211

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2023-02-19 12:33:56

ARI ID

1676715117291

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مولانا شاہد فاخری الٰہ آبادی

مولانا شاہد فاخری الہٰ آبادی
افسوس ہے پچھلے دنوں مولانا شاہد فاخری الہٰ آبادی کاانتقال ہوگیا۔مرحوم دائرہ اجملیہ الٰہ آباد کے سجادہ نشین،خلافت تحریک کے عظیم قائد اورشعلہ بیان مقرر مولانا فاخر الٰہ آبادی کے خلف الرشید اوران کی روایات وخصوصیات کے بدرجۂ اتم حامل تھے چنانچہ انھوں نے بھی ساری عمر آزادی سے پہلے اورآزادی کے بعد کی قومی وملی تحریکات میں گزار دی۔
والدؒ کی طرح شعلہ بیان اورنہایت پُرجوش خطیب تھے۔آخر تک کانگریس اورجمعیۃ علمائے ہند سے وابستہ رہے اوراس سلسلہ میں قیدوبند کے محن سے بھی دوچار ہوئے۔ان کی زندگی سراپا ایثار وخلوص تھی۔حق بات کہنے میں نہایت جری اوربیباک تھے۔ ان کاقومی اورملی حلقوں میں بڑا احترام اوروقار تھا۔آزادی کے بعد انھوں نے جس جرأت وجسارت سے مسلم کاز کی حمایت کی وہ ان کا طغرائے امتیاز تھا۔پنڈت جواہر لال نہرو اوران کے خاندان سے ان کے ذاتی اوربے تکلفانہ تعلقات تھے۔مگر پنڈت جی کے سامنے بھی وہ حق بات کہنے میں کبھی نہیں ہچکچائے جس کی وجہ سے پنڈت جی ان کی بڑی قدرکرتے تھے۔اللھم اغفرلہ وارحمہ۔ [اکتوبر۱۹۷۵ء]

Accounting Guidelines Implementation: A Study on Economic Development of Islamic Boarding Schools

The development of Islamic boarding schools is one of the targets for sharia economic development which is based on the understanding of the halal value chain where the development of Islamic economics and finance summarizes various initiative programs including the development of Islamic boarding schools. The purpose of this study is to describe how the implementation of the Islamic Boarding School Accounting Guidelines at Al Huda Islamic Boarding School which is more focused on the readiness of HR at Al Huda Islamic Boarding School in applying the Islamic Boarding School Accounting Guidelines. The Al Huda Islamic boarding school was chosen as the research locus because the Al Huda Islamic Boarding School was appointed by Bank Indonesia Gorontalo Representative Office as a pilot project for the Pesantren (Islamic Boarding School) which applies the Islamic Boarding School Accounting Guidelines. The stages of the research method began with observations and results of interviews with informants from the board of the Al-Huda Islamic Boarding School. The results showed that there was a desire to apply these guidelines in the Al-Huda Islamic boarding school. Even though treasurers, secretaries and operators do not have a basic knowledge of the Economics of Accounting, the existing human resources are ready to apply the Pesantren accounting guidelines, of course, adjusting to the needs of the Al-Huda Islamic boarding school. The author sees that there is no urgency in implementing Islamic boarding school accounting guidelines at the Al-Huda Islamic boarding school because the reporting entity is the foundation that houses the Al-Huda Islamic boarding school, the Al Huda Islamic Education and Da'wah Foundation, Gorontalo. The foundation is fully responsible for the donors or the community.

Optimization of Operational Parameters of Advanced Oxidation Processes for Pulp and Paper Wastewater Treatment

Pulp and paper industry is well known for employing a massive amount of fresh water as well as producing large quantities of wastewater. The wastewater from paper and pulp industry contains high strength organic and inorganic pollution which has the potential to deteriorate the environment and have adverse effects on human health and water receiving bodies. The conventional treatment processes are less efficient to remove persistent organic compounds like colour, COD, lignin and other organic pollutants from paper and pulp wastewater. This research presents the advanced treatment of real wastewater by optimizing operational parameters like initial pH of wastewater, ozone dose, catalyst dose, catalyst stability, the initial concentration of COD in wastewater and reaction time. Three types of catalysts including natural zeolite (NZ), activated carbon (AC) and alumina (Al) were used. The advanced oxidation processes (O3/UV, O3/NZ, O3/AC, O3/Al) were used to treat real wastewater (black liquor) from the paper industry. Three main parameters (COD, colour, and TOC) were selected to investigate the performance of said processes. The reason behind this selection was that if we control these parameters in wastewater then other parameters (in the form of pollution) automatically decreases and this will result in cost and time-saving in the process. Catalysts were prepared under optimal conditions and their characterization was performed by considering adsorption properties, morphology, and chemical structure. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) showed the physical and chemical aspects of the catalyst structure. FTIR analysis presents catalysts typical profile and presence of different functional groups. BET analysis showed surface properties (pore size, pore volume, etc) of catalysts. The EDX studies showed the presence of different elemental composition in the selected catalyst. The results reveal that the O3/UV process showed 43.64% COD, 64.42% colour and 45.64% TOC removal. The COD and colour removal efficiency during the O3/NZ process was 71.75% and 88.79% respectively. The TOC removal during O3/NZ process was 56.43%. The O3/AC process showed the maximum COD and colour removal efficiency of 91.75% and 97.51% respectively. The TOC removal during O3/AC was 64.1% The O3/Al process showed 82% COD, 93.78% colour and 53.09% TOC removal. Among the studied AOPs, the catalytic ozonation by using AC showed the maximum COD, TOC and color removal efficiencies at the natural pH of the wastewater. The parameters (pH 6.8, ozone dose 0.3mg/ml, CODo 400 mg/l, catalyst dose 10 g/L, time 120 min) proved to be optimum for the studied processes.