براؤن، ایڈورڈ
علمی دنیا میں نئے سال کا سب سے افسوس ناک سانحہ مشہور انگریز مستشرق پروفیسر ایڈورڈ جی براؤن کی وفات ہے، موصوف نے اس مہینہ کے آغاز میں غالباً ساٹھ پینسٹھ سال کی تخمینی عمر میں انتقال کیا، وہ پہلے کیمبرج میں فارسی کے لکچرر تھے، پھر ۱۹۰۲ء میں وہ عربی کے پروفیسر مقرر ہوئے، انھوں نے طب کی تعلیم بھی حاصل کی تھی، عربی میں وہ پروفیسر پامر کے شاگرد تھے، ان کی سب سے جامع، مسبوط اور مشہور تصنیف لٹریری ہسٹری آف پرشیا کی ضخیم جلدیں ہیں، موصوف نہ صرف علمی حیثیت سے بلکہ ایک بے تعصب عالم، ایک ہمدرد مشرق اور ایک شریف انسان ہونے کے لحاظ سے بھی نہایت بلند درجہ تھے، قومی تنگ ظرفی اور مذہبی عصبیت سے وہ قطعاً مبرا تھے، ان آنکھوں کو یہ عزت حاصل ہے کہ انھوں نے مرنے والے کی زیارت کی تھی، آئندہ معارف میں ان کے کچھ حالات سپرد قلم ہوں گے، ہندوستان میں ان کو ہم سے بہتر جاننے والے اشخاص بلکہ ان کے شاگرد موجود ہیں، کیا بہتر ہو اگر ان میں سے کوئی صاحب ہماری مدد فرمائیں اور براؤن پر ایک عمدہ مضمون لکھ کر عنایت فرمائیں اور اگر احباب پسند کریں تو معارف کا ایک نمبر صرف براؤن پر شائع کیا جائے کہ ان کے احسانات کا یہ ادنیٰ ترین معاوضہ ہے۔ (سید سليمان ندوی، جنوری ۱۹۲۶ء)
Allah has blessed the human beings with countless blessings, among these; the two most important are life and Quran. To be thankful for these blessings is compulsory, however, it is to be mentioned with regret that we are unaware of this obligation. Life that is not passed in accordance with the defined pattern and stipulations of Quran is a non Quranic pattern of life. Today Muslims have lost dignity by putting aside the Quranic teachings. What is Quranic pattern of life? To know it one has to dive into the sea of Quran and then need to find pearls and shells by pondering and considering on we can unveil the secrets of the universe. Non Quranic pattern of life is not the guarantee of success, rather it is a disgrace in both the worlds. If life is to set on Quranic pattern then one understand Quran well. To deny useless deeds, false beliefs and civilization of human beings are the objectives of Quranic study. ALLAH also wants the same from Believers. Quran is the mentor of all worldly knowledge. All other disciplines are derived from it and all are dependent on the Quran. Therefore it is necessary to have a purposed life and to come out of purposeless life. Once the pattern is according to Quran, all the disappointments and worries of life would end gradually. Life in the light of ALLAH’s orders is a guaranteed peaceful, blessed and eternal successful. What actions come under Quranic pattern of life and which life goes out of its vicinity, this would be discussed in detail in this article.
The designing and development of highly efficient nano-materials is currently exploited research for applications in the fields of environment and pharmaceuticals (nanomedicine).This research is an attempt to synthesize economical, biocompatible and eco-friendly (nontoxic) functional hybrids based on silica, alumina and alumina-silicate.The main objective of the study is the application of synthesized materials as potential adsorbents for the removal of toxic metals (Pb, Hg) from an aqueous medium.Secondly, the loading of drug (cisplatin) and designing with dextrin for development as carriers for controlled drug delivery. For this purpose, a quick, simple, one-pot method is adopted for the synthesis of 8 series of materials classified as un-loaded base (Si, Al, AlSi),loaded base (L-Si, L-Al, LAlSi), silica functionalized (SiTi, SiV, SiTiV) loaded silica (L-SiTi, L-SiV, L-SiTiV), alumina functionalized (AlTi, AlV, AlTiV)loaded alumina (L-AlTi, L-AlV, L-AlTiV), aluminasilicate functionalized (AlSiTi, AlSiV, AlSiTiV) and loaded alumina-silicate (L-AlSiTi, LAlSiV, L-AlSiTiV) hybrids.A material of each class is completely characterized using standard techniques and protocols. The successful functionalization of base materials, loading of cisplatin (at 1600cm-1) and capping with β-cyclodextrin (at 1100cm-1) is clearly witnessed in FTIR spectra. The characteristic morphology varying from spherical to elongated structures are scanned by SEM.XPS indicates that cisplatin is positioned as Pt(4f), whereas C-C and C=C bonding is for grafting. BET isotherm suggests a significant increase in surface area of both unloaded and loaded materials proposing excellent potential for adsorption. Further, silica-based hybrids in comparison to alumina reveal significant drug release due to a good binding affinity of the former. The regeneration capacity of these materials also offers direct acquiescence to 3R (reuse, reduce and recycle) principle.The research concludes and recommends the application of functionalized hybrid as agents to environmental remediation. Another important output of this research is the potency of materials as a carrier for control release of cisplatin (anti-cancerous drug) towards targeted organ. Dialysis membrane experiments were carried out for drug release whereas batch adsorption experiment was performed to determine the adsorption behaviour. The drug release findings suggest that base silica shows 44%, encapsulation efficiency whereas, for silica functionalized hybrids (L-SiTi, L-SiV and L-SiTiV), it is 24%, 89% and 14%, respectively. Silica alumina x and alumina-silicate functionalized hybrids reveal (13%-81%), (6%-31%) and (19%-49%) encapsulation efficiency respectively. The adsorption results suggest increase in uptake of mercury ions with the increase in concentration in followingsequence (Si, Al, AlSi, SiTi, SiV, SiTiV, AlTi, and AlV AlTiV).It is observed that silica, alumina andalumina-silicate functionalized hybrids (Si, Al, AlSi-Ti and AlSiV) show good lead removal at initial induced concentration. Likely Si-Ti, SiV, SiTiV, AlTi, AlV AlTiV, AlSi and AlSiTiV show increase in uptake of lead ions with the increase in the metal ions concentration.