24. Al-Nur/The Light
I/We begin by the Blessed Name of Allah
The Immensely Merciful to all, The Infinitely Compassionate to everyone.
24:01
This is a Surah that WE have sent down, and made its Injunctions mandatory to be applied in matters of ethics, mannerism, and morality,
and WE have sent down Clear Messages in it so that you may contemplate and enact.
24:02
The adulterous and fornicator female and the adulterous and fornicator male, where both are equally guilty of engaging in an extramarital relationship, flog each one of them a hundred lashes.
And let no compassion, pity, or sympathy for both of them keep you away from executing the command of Allah’s Religion, if you truly believe in Allah – the One and Only God of everyone, and the Last Hour.
And ensure that a group of believers witness their punishment.
24:03
After the punishment has been executed the adulterous or fornicator male will not marry anyone but an adulterous or fornicator female, or a polytheist female.
And the adulterous or fornicator female will only marry an adulterous or fornicator male, or a polytheist male.
But marrying someone guilty of adultery or fornication is forbidden for the believers.
24:04
And those who falsely accuse a chaste/respectable lady of an extramarital affair on circumstantial evidence but then do not bring four eye witnesses in support of their accusation,
then flog them eighty lashes,
and never accept their testimony ever again.
And those - they are the ones who have overstepped the limits.
24:05
Exceptions are those who later repent and reform themselves,
for sure, Allah is All-Forgiving, All-Compassionate.
24:06
And as for those...
The natural worth of anything consists in its fitness to supply the necessities and serve the conveniences of human needs. The welfare state always strives to put in place the necessary impetus that will ensure the material and spiritual well being of people in its domain. Islamic welfare state shapes the social, economic, cultural and political engagements as a complementary whole guided by the basic principles (Sharia), to establish a society where justice, equity, and economic prosperity are prominent, as well as rape the benefits of this life and the next. This article explains the concept of the welfare state and its basic foundations in the light of Riyast-e-Madinah, which is considered to be the first welfare state. Furthermore, this article enlights the role of the state in social welfare and humanity.
Heat stress is a concern for all livestock production systems. Prolonged periods of thermal stress have significantly negative impact on production and health due to reduced dry matter intake. Nili-Ravi buffaloe and Sahiwal cattle are well adapted to tropical hot and humid climates, but at high temperatures prolonged exposure can add to several changes in biological functions that affect thermoregulation. Keeping in view, the geographical position of Pakistan, four ambient management studies (two each in buffaloe and cattle) were conducted on fifteen Nili Ravi buffaloes and fifteen Sahiwal cattle to devise the strategic management system applicable during varying environmental conditions to achieve best physiological, behavioral and productive responses in dairy animals. The dairy animals of approximately same age, weight, production and parity (third) were randomly allocated to three treatments: 1) provision of only roof shade, named as S, 2) provision of fans along with roof shade, named as SF, and 3) provision of roof shade, fans and sprinklers, named as SFS under Completely Randomized Design. The dairy animals were kept in separate sheds under tied sloped floor system and fed twice a day (at 9:00 am and 3:00 pm) on iso-nitrogenous and iso-caloric diet. DMI, water intake, milk production, rectal temperature, respiration rate, pulse rate and total time spent in eating, ruminating, standing and lying were recorded at different intervals. Mean daily milk production in Nili Ravi buffaloes was significantly (p≤0.01) higher in cooled animals compared to heat stressed animals. Water intake was significantly (p≤0.05) lower in SFS than SF treatment. Physiological responses (respiration rate, pulse rate, rectal temperature, and skin temperature) were significantly (p≤0.01) lower in SFS than control treatment. The behavioral responses (time spent in drinking, ruminating and locomotion) were significantly (p≤0.01) increased in SFS compared to S treatment during hot dry and hot humid summer months. The effect of different ambient management strategies in lactating Sahiwal cattle showed significant improved dry matter intake and decreased water intake. Significant (p≤0.01) low skin temperature, respiration rate and skin temperature were found in cooled cows than heat stressed cows. The behavioral responses (time spent in feeding, ruminating, lying and rumination) were found significantly increased than heat stressed cow during hot dry and hot humid summer. Overall better results were observed in fan assisted ventilation treatment during hot dry summer and it is better option to improve milk production efficiency, milk constituents, comfort and behavioral responses, whereas, the goals of improved milk production, physiological and behavioral performance in lactating Sahiwal cows during hot humid season can be achieved though provision of sprinkler alongwith fan assisted ventilation in the sheds. It is therefore recommended that the Nili-Ravi buffaloes and Sahiwal cows should be at least maintained with the combined facility of fan assisted ventilation and sprinklers in the sheds during hot dry and hot humid season to optimize the productive, physiological and behavioral performance under sub-tropical conditions of Pakistan. Precise studies are further suggested to explore the cost effective use of fan assisted ventilation, sprinklers and also wallowing in buffaloes.