Contemporary Business Ethics: A Study in the Seerah of the Prophet Muhammad (SAW)

The history of the business and trade is as old as the history of humanity, itself. Different cultures and regions have their own business ethics throughout the times past. With the rise of globalization, the various sets of business ethics are getting common values and forms. While Islam, being a universal religion, provides guidelines for every aspect of life including trade, commerce and business. Islamic business ethics derive from divine revelation and Sunnah of the Prophet (SAW). Business ethics denotes the behavior of trading entity supposed to follow while interacting with society. The Islamic business ethics take care of the all stake holders from production to consumption including employees, trade agreements, quality standards, environment and social responsibilities. The current paper is aiming to elaborate the business ethics in the light of instructions draw from the Seerah of the Prophet (SAW) in order to provide an insight for humanity to follow them, practically

Microbiological Quality of Goat?S Milk Obtained from Different Areas of District Muzaffargarh

Pakistan is the fourth country which provides milk at large scale where goat population is increasing day by day. Milk is the primary need of every home today. It is also a product on which bacteria attack very soon. It was hypothesized that quality of milk is not pure nowadays in Pakistan especially in milk producing areas. The aim of this study was checking the quality of goat milk from different places in district Muzaffargarh and the difference in calculation of Staphylococcus aureus (S.aureus),Escherichia coli (E.coli), Bacillus cereus (B.cereus), Klebsellia pneumoniea (K.pneumoniea) and Salmonella typhi (S.typhi) between standard plate count method and direct plate count method. Milk samples were collected from district Muzaffargarh. Some strategies were followed in this research plan. The quality parameters were clot on boiling, alcohol perception test and organoleptic test. These parameters were used to decide and observe the quality of milk in very short time. The fastidious S.aureus, E.coli, B.cereus, K.pneumoniea and S.typhi were focused in this study. S.aureus, E.coli, B.cereus, K.pneumoniea and S.typhi were detected and isolated from milk samples of goat. S.aureus, E.coli, B.cereus, K.pneumoniea and S.typhi were cultured in different nutrient agar media. The standard plate count method and direct microscopic method were applied to count down the number of S.aureus, E.coli, B.cereus, K.pneumoniea and S.typhi. It was concluded that alcohol perception and clot on boiling gave 34% and 24.5% positives results. On the other hand in organoleptic test, smell, appearance, colour, consistency and temperature gave 7%, 14.5%, 23%, 38% and 20% positive results. S.aureus, E.coli, B.cereus, K.pneumoniea and S.typhi generated the bar at 8%, 14%, 17%, 21% and 5% positive results respectively. It was also concluded that standard plate counting is much precise method as compared to the direct microscopic counting method. These results were organized in SPSS software or excel sheet.