Exploring the Objectives of Model Madaris Curriculum: Practical Approach Analysis

Islamic history reveals that Muslim rulers had taken keen interest to establish educational institutions during their rule. To keep going on this legacy of the Muslim rulers, various governments in Pakistan, since its creation, has announced a number of educational policies. Besides suggestions for Islamic education, a concept of Model Madaris at federal level was introduced for the first time during Musharraf’s regime [1999-2008]. Ministry of Religious Affairs (MORA) was made responsible to develop the curriculum for these Madaris from middle to master levels; however, as per constitution the Education Act 1976, it is the responsibility of Curriculum Wing, Ministry of Education to develop the curriculum up to higher secondary level with pre-framed objectives. While at graduate and post graduate level, it is the responsibility of the universities to develop curriculum through their statutory bodies i.e. Board of Studies, Board of Faculty and Academic Council as per guide lines set by the Higher Education Commission of Pakistan. This study is an effort to explore the main objectives of Model Madaris curriculum. Moreover, it will be cross checked with course contents from middle to bachelor levels and policy suggestions will be directed that how these objectives and course contents can be amalgamated in one line.

Tuberculosis Tb Related Stigma: A Conceptual Framework

People living with Tuberculosis (TB) are stigmatized socially. Tuberculosis is an infectious disease transmitted through the air and can affect any part of the body, majority people do not know much about its mode of transmission and treatment protocols. Despite being curable, Tuberculosis is still a stigmatized disease, not only because of its clinical manifestations but also due to psychosocial behaviors. TB affected individuals are consider devalued in society and in an organizational context they get reduced opportunities of selection, promotion and income. Stigma is often explained as a discrediting attribute leading to an impairment of social status and position, rejection and/or exclusion. Likewise, stigmatized identities are devalued social identities or attributes given to an affected individual due to infectious diseases. This study examines the rel atively new phenomenon of (deviant workplace behavior, turnover intention and social isolation) as an outcome of tuberculosis stigmatized identities at workplace. The current study empirically and theoretically investigates self-esteem as an inter linking mechanism in the relationship between valence content (internal, enacted, anticipated and disclosure) tuberculosis stigmatized identities and workplace out comes (deviant workplace behavior, turnover intention and social isolation). In addition, magnitude (centrality and salience) Tb induced stigma used as a po tential moderating variable between valence content of TB induced stigmatized identities and self-esteem. Also, moderating role of perceived organizational sup port is also a salient feature of the study in the relationship between self-esteem and workplace outcomes. Data were collected through self-administrated questionnaire that is translated into native language. Population of current study was middle and low level em ployees working in public and private Tuberculosis hospitals of Pakistan. Author used convenience/purposive sampling to obtain the data. The data of current study collected into three time lags. The total number of questionnaire was 550. The same number of questionnaires was distributed in all three time intervals and the response rate was 321 only. x The result of current study indicates that valence content (internalized and antic ipated) TB stigmatized identities positively related with self-esteem. IV Accord ingly, enacted TB stigma has negative impact on self-esteem and disclosure TB stigma has positive impact on self-esteem. The moderating role of centrality TB stigma only established in the relationship between enacted TB induces stigma and self-esteem. The role of centrality tuber culosis stigma as moderator is not established with (internal, anticipated, disclo sure) TB stigmatized individuals and self-esteem. Similarly, the role of salience tuberculosis stigma as moderating variable also not established in current study. Furthermore, self-esteem as interlinking mechanism in the relationship between valence content and workplace outcome i.e. turnover intention not established in current study. Accordingly, self-esteem mediates in the relationship between valence content of TB stigmatized identities workplace outcomes (deviant work place behavior and social isolation).In addition, self-esteem not act as a mediating variable in the relationship between (enacted, disclosure) tuberculosis stigmatized identities and social isolation. In the current research POS not act as a mod erating variable between self-esteem and workplace outcome (Deviant workplace behaviors and social isolation).In addition, perceived organizational support act as facilitating moderating variable in the relationship between self-esteem and social isolation. Social identity theory has been used as an overarching theory for cur rent theoretical model. Theoretical and practical implications along with future recommendations have been discussed.