ڈاکٹر مصطفےٰ حسن علوی
افسوس ہے اسی مہینہ ڈاکٹر مصطفےٰ حسن صاحب علوی کاحادثہ وفات بھی پیش آگیا۔اس وقت ان کی عمر۸۶برس کے لگ بھگ تھی، ان کا اصل وطن کاکوری تھا۔ اردوزبان کے مشہور نعت گو جناب محسن کاکوروی کے خاندان سے تعلق رکھتے تھے، دارالعلوم دیوبند کے فارغ التحصیل تھے۔ حضرت شیخ الہندؒ سے حضرت شیخ کے درس بخاری کے آخری سال میں دورۂ حدیث کی تکمیل تھی اوراس کے بعد حضرت مولانا مفتی عزیز الرحمن ؒ نے دیوبند کی جامع مسجد میں ان کودستار فضیلت عطا فرمائی تھی، اس حیثیت سے وہ غالباً حضرت شیخ الہند کی بزم تلامذہ کے آخری چراغ تھے، اب تودیوبند سے فارغ التحصیل ہونے کے بعد اعلیٰ انگریزی تعلیم حاصل کرنے والے کثرت سے نظر آتے ہیں، لیکن غالباً مرحوم پہلے شخص تھے جنھوں نے دارالعلوم دیوبند سے باقاعدہ فارغ ہونے کے بعد انگریزی تعلیم شروع کی۔ لکھنؤ یونیورسٹی سے ایم۔اے کرکے پی ایچ۔ ڈی کی ڈگری حاصل کی، اس کے بعد وہ ایک عرصہ تک لکھنؤ کے شعبۂ علوم مشرقیہ سے منسلک رہے۔ آخر میں چندبرس شعبۂ عربی میں بھی کام کیا، عربی بولنے اور لکھنے کا بڑا شوق تھا۔شعرو شاعری کا ذوق موروثی تھا،لکھنؤکی زبان اور اس کے رنگ میں غزلیں لکھتے اور ترنم سے پڑھ کر ارباب ذوق سے داد لیتے تھے۔ تصنیف وتالیف کا بھی ذوق تھا۔ان کی آخری کتاب ’’قائدبدرواحد‘‘ تھی جس پر بہار اردو اکیڈیمی نے انعام دیا تھا۔علاوہ ازیں عرصہ ہواان کو صدر جمہوریہ کی طرف سے عربی کاایوارڈ بھی ملا تھا۔ دارالعلوم دیوبند سے بڑی محبت تھی، اس کی مجلس شوری کے ممبر عرصۂ دراز سے تھے اور پابندی سے اس کے جلسوں میں شرکت کرتے تھے مگرادھرچند برس سے بتقاضائے عمر ضعف ونقاہت کے باعث شوریٰ کے جلسوں میں شرکت کامعمول نہیں رہا تھا۔عجب اتفاق ہے مارچ۱۹۸۰ء میں جواجلاس صد سالہ...
To evaluate the feasibility of a business venture, both financial and non-financial factors are taken into consideration. The assessment of feasibility involves analyzing non-financial elements, with a specific focus on production and marketing aspects. The financial aspects of Tofu and Tempeh Sukses Jaya's commercial production were analyzed using metrics such as payback period (PP), net present value (NPV), internal rate of return (IRR), and profitability index (PI) to determine its overall feasibility. Based on the analysis, it was concluded that the business is feasible due to its advantageous location and convenient accessibility. The Tofu and Tempeh Sukses Jaya business appears to be viable due to its strategic and easily accessible location, modern technology, and straightforward production process. Feasibility is ensured by high product quality, imported raw materials, competitive pricing, extensive distribution channels, and effective promotional efforts by the owner to ensure consumer awareness. The financial analysis suggests that the Tempeh Tofu business could be viable over a 10-year project duration with a 10 percent discount rate. According to the evaluation criteria, the business has a 6-month payback period (PP), a net present value (NPV) of IDR 161,565,200, a profitability index (PI) of 1.6%, and an internal rate of return (IRR) of 30%, all of which indicates the business's financial feasibility.
Membrane proteins are highly important players that help to maintain cellular integrity and control cell to cell interactions. One of the most intricate mechanisms of cell to cell communication is via vesicles formation and trafficking, carrying signaling proteins and molecules. Caveolar complex and SNARE (Soluble N-ethylmaleimidesensitive-factor attachment protein receptors) complex are among the membrane protein complexes that are functionally involved in vesicle trafficking and so are critical in cell to cell communication and development. Recent studies have observed an association of dysregulation of gene expression of CAV1and, DNM2 with cancer progression. Strategic components of SNARE machinery, Synaptobrevin2/Vesicle associated membrane protein-2 (v-SNARE) and Syntaxin 1A (t-SNARE) play a critical role in colon, lung and breast cancer progression and metastasis. In this study, we analyzed the relative expression of the STX1A, VAMP2, CAV1, and DNM2 for their possible association in the progression and metastasis of bladder cancer. The quantitative expression of the target genes was observed in human bladder cancer samples. The expression of STX1A, VAMP2, CAV1, and DNM2 were increased 5-fold, 2.9-fold, 8.88-folds and, 8.62-fold respectively. The overall expression of STX1A and VAMP2 found to be elevated significantly (P<0.0001) in high-grade tumors cells compared to normal and low-grade tumors. Similarly high-grade tumors had significantly higher expression of CAV1 (P<0.0001) and DNM2 (P<0.0001) compared to low-grade tumors. The correlation between the STX1A and VAMP2 was positive while between CAV1 and DNM2 the correlation was found strong positive. These data suggests that the increased expression of the key components of caveolar and SNARE complex might be responsible for the tumor grade and stage progression in bladder cancer. To further dissect the downstream signaling involved in vesicular trafficking we selected Cav-1 protein to provide an insight into its functional aspects. For this purpose we exploited a functional disruption imposed by a specific frame shift mutation at F160X resulting into truncated protein. Functional analyses of this Cav-1-mutant protein in MIA-PaCa-2, HT1376, HCT116, HT-29, and HCC827 showed that the Cav-1-mut cells have reduced growth, proliferation with improved mitochondrial respiration. The Cav-1-mut cells showed increased OCRs and reduced ECARs showing their reduced glycolytic behaviour compared to control cancer cells. The functional impact of this mutant Cav-1 might be the missing C-terminus including the important conserved phosphorylation site S168E, which is required for the translocation of the Cav-1 protein. As a structural component of caveolae, Cav-1 interacts with signaling molecules via a caveolin scaffolding domain (CSD) regulating cell signaling. Recent reports have shown that Cav-1 is a negative regulator in tumor metastasis. Therefore, we hypothesized that Cav-1 inhibits cell migration through its CSD. HeLa cells were engineered to overexpress Cav-1 (Cav-1 OE), Cav-1 without a functional CSD (∆CSD), or enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) as a control. HeLa cell migration was suppressed in Cav-1 OE cells while ∆CSD showed increased migration. This altered migration corresponded to a decreased expression of zona occludens (ZO-1) with increased expression of vimentin. This shows that the CSD impacts the migratory phenotype in HeLa cells. Impact of Cav-1∆CSD on cellular migration was further confirmed in epithelial based colon cancer cell lines that have high (HCT116) and low (HT29) expression of this gene. To further elucidate the function of CSD we explored the JAK/STAT3 signaling account for the hypermigratory phenotype in the Cav-1∆CSD cells. Phosphorylated STAT3 was decreased in Cav-1 OE cells compared to control and ∆CSD cells; reducing STAT3 expression alone decreased cell migration. ∆CSD blunted HeLa proliferation by restricting the cells in G2/M phase of the cell cycle. Overexpressing the CSD peptide alone suppressed HeLa cell migration and inhibited phosphorylation of STAT3. These data suggests the importance of CSD as a negative regulator of STAT3 phosphorylation. Our functional investigations of Cav-1 specifically revealed that Cav-1 CSD may be critical in controlling the dynamic phenotype of cancer cells by facilitating the interactions of specific signal transduction pathways, regulating STAT3 and participating in a G2/M checkpoint. Modulating the CSD and targeting specific proteins may offer potential targets for novel therapies to control cancer metastasis.