مختصر سوانح حیات بانی و تاجدار دارالاحسان
حضرت ابوانیس محمد برکت علی قدس سرہ العزیز
ولادت باسعادت
آپؒ کا نام محمدبرکت علی کنیت ابوانیس اور لقب باوا جی سرکار ہے۔ آپ بروز جمعرات 27 ربیع الثانی 1329ھ بمطابق 27 اپریل 1911ء برھمی ضلع لودھیانہ میں دھاریوال جٹ خاندان میں پیدا ہوئے۔ والد ماجد کا اسم گرامی نگاہی بخش اور والدہ محترمہ جنت بی بی تھیں۔
آپؒ مادر زاد ولی تھے۔ آپؒ کی والدہ نیک خاتون تھیں جو حضور اقدسﷺ پر کثرت سے درود بھیجا کرتیں والد ماجد بھی نہایت صالح اور صوم و صلوٰۃ کے پابند تھے فوج میں ملازم تھے آبائی پیشہ کھیتی باڑی تھا اہل اﷲ سے محبت اور خدمت ان کا وطیرہ تھا۔ اکثر ایک مجذوب کی خدمت میں حاضری دیتے جس نے شادی سے بھی قبل آپؒ کی آمد کی خوشخبری ان الفاظ میں دے دی تھی۔
نگابیا تیری قسمت میں کچھ نہیں البتہ تیرے...
Both Zainuddin Ibn Nujaim (d. 970HJ) and Herbert Broom (d. 1882CE) are famous for the arrangement, interpretations and for sound applications of juristico-legal maxims and rules respectively in Muslim and western world of law and jurisprudence. The al-Ashbah wa-Al-Nazair of Ibn Nujaim and Broom’s Legal Maxims of Herbert Broom speak of their deep approach to the concerned discipline. This article provides a general analysis of the juristico-legal interpretations regarding the elementary maxim of hardship and injuria remedium (hardship and harm remission) as made by Ibn Nujaim (d.970HJ) and Herbert Broom(d.1882CE) in their aforesaid books.
Polyphenol oxidase (PPO) enzymes are ubiquitous in plant kingdom that catalyzes the oxidation of phenols to highly reactive quinones. PPO plays important role in plant defense mechanisms against biotic and abiotic stresses but the regulation of PPO promoter in response to stresses remains unclear. Here, Oryza sativa polyphenol oxidase (OsPPO) promoter was fused separately to β-glucuronidase (GUS) and firefly Luciferase (LUC) reporter genes. Agrobacterium strain GV3101 harbouring OsPPOLUC and OsPPOGUS (separate clones) was used to transform Arabidopsis by floral dip method. T1 transgenic seeds were used to obtain T2 lines which were finally checked for the effects of wounding, ABA, MJA applications and drought as well as salt stress on PPO regulation. Expressional profiling of OsPPO promoter by real- time (RT-PCR) in transgenic Arabidopsis has revealed a higher level (11 folds) of expression by wounding. However, OsPPO promoter was also expressed in response to ABA by an induction of 3 fold but it was not induced by MJA. ABA plant hormone which regulates key processes biotic and abiotic stresses ultimately triggering plant defense related genes. ABA and wound inducibility of OsPPO promoter is a strong indicative of its role in plant defense mechanism against biotic and abiotic stresses. Moreover, transgenic T2 plants were also screened against different concentrations of osmotic stress (PEG-6000) and salt (NaCl). Experimental data showed that relative GUS expression of OsPPO gene promoter increased with the increase of osmotic stress. In case of salt stress, OsPPO induction showed similar trend and GUS expression was increased as salt concentration increased. This response of OsPPO to drought and salt stress suggest the x xpossible participation of PPO in plants defense against drought as well as salt stress. Moreover, OsPPO promoter sequence was computationally analyzed by Signal Scan (PLACE), which indicated the presence of different cis- regulatory elements, for example wound responsive elements, ABA signaling complexes responsive to drought and salt responsive regulatory elements. During in vivo experimental work, the induction and expression of reporter genes proved the presence and functioning of these cis-regulatory elements. In summary the role of OsPPO in wounding, ABA application, drought and salt stresses, and the subsequent OsPPO promoter induction indicates that these stresses induce PPO expression in plants as a defense mechanism.