کوئی بھی درمیاں حائل نہیں ہے
بظاہر اب کوئی مشکل نہیں ہے
مجھے لگتا ہے یاں پہ ایک پتھر
ترے سینے میں جیسے دل نہیں ہے
محبت کیا ہے بس نقصان دل کا
سوائے غم کے کچھ حاصل نہیں ہے
طبیعت کو نہ جانے کیا ہوا ہے
کہ بھاتی اب کوئی محفل نہیں ہے
مرے قاتل ہیں میرے یار تائبؔ
زمانہ تو مرا قاتل نہیں ہے
A judge should be honest, transparent, free and fair. He should always respect law. The question arises that if a judge who disrespects law and makes unbalanced decisions: as a result of which people get affected then will he or she be penalized? The Ḥanafi Scholars opine that if a judge passes a wrong decision intentionally, he should be penalized from his own property. Because in Islamic jurisprudence, judiciary owns a supremacy over the masses and everyone irrespective of the position is equal and has to obey law. Whether he is a judge or a commoner, he has to follow the rules and regulations as prescribed by law. In practice, Pakistani judges are not held responsible for making a wrong verdict. Our judges make judgments on the basis of already manipulated evidence. A judge bars himself from the responsibility of collecting evidence. Similarly, if a judge has developed personal grudges with the criminal then the criminal reserves right of appealing the higher court where the decision is reviewed and rectified. In such situation, there is a compulsion between the legal maxim "وَالْأَصْلُ عَدَمُ الضَّمَان" and the Pakistani laws. However, Ḥanafi jurisprudence and Pakistani Laws are not in accordance with each other. This study concentrates upon the nature of punishment and tort to be applied on judges in case of making a decision based on falsehood. It is suggested that Pakistan’s Judiciary should be reread as that the already in-practice system does not comply with the standards of Islamic teachings.
A series of crystalline nickel, cadmium, mixed metal nickel/cadmium and manganese O-n- butylxanthate bis(pyridine) complexes , [Ni(S2COnBu)2.(C5H5N)2] (1), [Ni(S2COnBu)2.(3-Br- C5H4N)2] (2), [Ni(S2COnBu)2.(4-CN-C5H4N)2] (3), [Ni(S2COnBu)2.(3-Me-C5H4N)2] (4) [Ni(S2COnBu)2.(3-Cl-C5H4N)2 (5) [Cd(S2COnBu)2.(C5H5N)2] (6), [Cd(S2COnBu)2.(3-Cl- C5H4N)2 (7) [Mn(S2COnBu)2.(C5H5N)2] (8) and [Ni/Cd(S2COnBu)2.(C5H5N)2] (9), have been synthesized by simple chemical reaction. All the complexes were characterized by their melting points, elemental analyses, proton NMR, thermo gravimetric analyses and their structures were determined by single crystal X-ray analyses. Thermogravimetric analyses show that all precursors undergo facile thermal decomposition at moderate temperature to give NiS, CdS, Ni-CdS and MnS. These precursors were used for deposition of thin films of metal sulphides by Aerosole Assisted Chemical Vapour Deposition (AACVD). All the films deposited from these precursors were crystalline in nature and displayed substrate dependent morphology. Phase purity, particle size, thickness and elemental composition of thin films were determined by X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The size of the nanoparticles deposited from these precursors was in the range of 43-58 nm2 which was dependent on thermal behaviour of each of the complex. Thin films of MnS could not be deposited from precursor (8) as it was non volatile and unsuitable for AACVD. High purity Ni-Cd mixed metal sulphide thin films were successfully grown from single source precursor (9) for various technological applications.