ڈاکٹر شہزاد احمد کی تدوین نگاری
تخلیق اور تدوین کا رشتہ ازلی اور ابدی ہے۔تخلیق کی افادیت سے اسی وقت بہرہ مند ہواجا سکتا ہے جب وہ منظر عام پر آجائے ۔ تدوین کار ہی ایک ایسا شخص ہوتا ہے جو تخلیق کو ماضی کے گم گشتہ اوراق سے حال کے اُجالوں میں لے آتا ہے۔ یوں لوگ اس فن پارے کی قدرومنزلت ، فکری علویت اور فنی معراج سے حظ اُٹھانے کے لیے تدوین کار کے مرہونِ منت ہوتے ہیں۔اگر تدوین کا عمل معطل کردیا جائے تو کچھ عرصے بعد ادبی تاریخ بھی تعطل کا شکار ہو جائے گی اور نئی نسل کے لیے اس خلا کو پُرکرنا مشکل ہو جائے گا۔نعتیہ ادب کی روایت کے شعبہ تدوین میں ڈاکٹر شہزاد احمد کانام ایک درخشندہ ستارے کی طرح تابناک نظر آتا ہے۔ اُنھوں نے نعتیہ ادب کے چند بڑے ناموں کے کلیات مرتب کرکے نعتیہ روایت کو جس طرح تقویت فراہم کی ہے وہ یقینا ایک کارنامہ سرانجام دینے سے کم نہیں۔ ’’کلیات ریاض سہروردی، کلیات شاہ انصار الٰہ آبادی، ارمغانِ ریاض سہروردی، خوشبوئے ادیب، مقصودِ کائنات ، قصیدہ رسولِ تہامی، حرف حرف خوشبو، نزول، ساقی کوثر ، جشنِ آمد رسولؐ ، کلیاتِ عزیزالدین خاکی اور کلیات صبیح رحمانی‘‘اُن کے نمائندہ کاموں میں سے ہیں اور یہ سلسلہ ابھی جاری ہے۔
کلیات ریاض سہروردی
علامہ ریاض سہروردی کو اللہ رب العزت نے بہت ساری نعمتوں سے نوازا ہے۔ کوئی بھی شخص ہو جب وہ اپنے آپ کو اللہ اور رسول پاک صلی اللہ علیہ و آلہٖ وسلم کی ثنا کے لیے وقف کردیتا ہے تو اللہ پاک بھی ایسے بندے کو خا ص لوگوں میں شمار کرلیتا ہے۔ انھیں میں سے ایک حضرت ریاض سہروردی ہیں جو بیک وقت نعت خواں، نعت گو، عالم دین صوفی مشرب، مریدو خدمت گزار، معلم ومدرس، مولف کتب، بانیِ...
This is a familiar fact that accountability has a primary, important and key role to reform and develop an individual as well as a society. Quran (The Holy Book) and Sunnah (The Sayings the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) emphasize the acco-untability and the Seerah (Prophet’s life) is its practical example. The Prophet (PBUH) mentioned the importance of individual accountability, told the people to follow the principle of accountability and also set up a collective account-ability system. On various occasions, He inquired the governors and investigated their financial matters. He also strongly condemned crimes such as exploitation, corruption, deception and cheating; those are the result of lack of accountability and He communicated the Ummah to stay away from the devastating crimes like these. The study of Seerah (the Prophet’s life) shows that He strongly empha-sized the accountability among all other matters. The Prophet (PBUH) used practical measures for justice and equality, giving people their rights and elimin-ating all kinds of oppression, abuse, injustice, exploitation and corruption. It was the effect of the teaching and training of the Prophet (PBUH) that the lives of companion’s رضی اللہ عنہم اجمعین of Prophet Muhammad (PPBUH) are the basic source of guidance for mankind till the world due to accountability. The compa-nions of the Prophet (PBUH) used to arrange the accountability and also self-accountability, as a result, the society was a manifestation of transparency, peace fulness, ideal, and brotherhood. Translation errorThis article explains the need and importance of accountability, role of accountability in the country's development, different types of accountability in the light of Seerah. As a result, firstly, we may be able to step up towards the formation of a righteous society. Secondly the rules and regulations for the establishment of an ideal welfare state in the light of Seerah may come into existence.
5-Benzyl-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2-thiol (OXPA), synthesized as a series of active compounds, has not been investigated extensively, despite possessing a pharmacophore, known for a number of pharmacological properties. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the compound for drug qualifying properties, develop analytical methods and perform biological screening for antidiabetic, antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-TB, anti-inflammatory and antiangiogenic activities. The compound was evaluated for drug-likeliness using a number of computational software. Keeping in view the presence of a UV absorbing chromophore, a UV spectrophotometric method was developed and validated at 264 nm for determining the compound in bulk and stress solutions.For more specific and stability indicating assay, RP-HPLC methods with diode array detection (DAD) were also developed and validated to determine the compound in bulk, stress solutions and rat plasma. Afterwards, the compound was subjected to antibacterial activity studies against Gram-positive, Gram-negative, H. pylori and Mycobacterium tuberculosis (H37 Rv) strains and clinical isolates. Anti-inflammatory activity was determined using protein denaturation, anti-proteinase, membrane stabilization assays, and rat-paw edema model. Antiangiogenic activity was determined using the CAM assay. Finally, the pharmacokinetics parameters were determined in rats following oral administration of the compound. Molecular and physicochemical parameter, bioactivity and toxicity, determined computationally, indicated that the compound passed the drug-like filters and qualify drug-likeliness. The compound was expected to have promising xxvii antidiabetic, antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and antiangiogenic activities, low toxicity and good oral absorption. The UV spectrophotometric method developed and validated at 264 nm was found to be linear (0.25-40.00 µg/mL, R2= 0.9984), sensitive (LOD = 0.109 µg/ml and LOQ = 0.332 µg/ml), specific, accurate, precise and robust. Reversed-phase, isocratic elution of the compound using isocratic mobile phase (ammonium acetate buffer (0.1%): acetonitrile, 70:30, V/V), at a flow rate of 1 mL/min produced Gaussian peak fulfilling all the system suitability parameters. Likewise, the fulfilled all the method validation ICH guidelines; recovery (96.27-100.44%), intraday accuracy and precision (97.20-99.47%, RSD < 5) and inter-day accuracy precision (97.59-98.15%, RSD < 5%). Furthermore, the method was stability indicating because the determination was not affected by forced-degradation products in the presence of different stressors. In mild to severe stress conditions, compound degraded to variable extent in acidic and basic hydrolysis and in oxidative stress (30% H2O2). The analytical sample remained stable throughout the study period in refrigerator and in three freeze thaw cycles. HPLC method for determination of the compound in plasma indicated that peak of the compound was not affected by plasma impurities and degradation products. Moreover, the method fulfilled the ICH method validation guidelines; recovery (94.15-101.88%), intraday accuracy and precision (100.08-114.14%, RSD < 15%) and inter-day accuracy precision (100.4-114.8%, RSD < 15%). The compound showed antidiabetic activity comparable to the standards in the glucose uptake by yeast cells, inhibition of hemoglobin glycosylation and alpha xxviii amylase assays. The compound exhibited good interaction with antidiabetic enzymes. Antioxidant activity of the compound was comparable to vitamin C in DPPH and lipid peroxidation assays (P < 0.05). Moreover, it preserved and protected the antioxidant status and liver of rats against induced-oxidative stress. The compound showed promising antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli (MIC=62.5 µg/mL) and Bacillus pumilus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella enterica, H-pylori (MIC = 125 µg/mL) and rifampicin resistant and standard mycobacterium strains (MIC = 40 µg/mL). The compound showed anti-inflammatory activity in different models as protein denaturation (47.02 ± 0.55%), anti-proteinase (64.30±1.88) and RBC hemolysis (35.78±1.1%). The compound also showed antiangiogenic effect in a dose dependent manner. Pharmacokinetics studies indicated that the compound achieved maximum concentration (32.19 µg/mL) at 2.09 h with area under the curve AUC 0-∞ (239.14 µg/mL*h). The results of the present study indicate that OXPA qualifies drug-like properties and has good antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory activities. Moreover, the methods developed for determination of OXPA are simple, sensitive and reliable, hence, may be used for determination of the compound in bulk and different matrices at sub-microgram level.