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Influence of Peer Victimization and Parenting Styles on Self - Esteem of Adolescents

Thesis Info

Author

Amna Altaf

Department

Department of National Institute of Psychology, QAU

Program

MSc

Institute

Quaid-i-Azam University

Institute Type

Public

City

Islamabad

Province

Islamabad

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2014

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Page

52

Subject

Psychology

Language

English

Other

Call No: Diss / M . Sc/PSY / 866

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2023-01-08 02:14:20

ARI ID

1676715333082

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جانا جنابِ احمدِ مرسلؐ کے در، ہوا!

جانا جناب احمد مرسلؐ کے در، ہوا!
حاضر مری جبیں ہی نہیں دل جگر ہوا!

کہنا کہ تیرے نام سے پائی ہیں رفعتیں
اے کوچہ رسولؐ کی پیغام بر ہوا!

میں نے کہا محب ہوں آلِؑ رسولؐ کی
تب سے بہشت کی ہے مری چارہ گر ہوا!

ہے میری التجا یہ بجانب رسولِؐ پاک
مجھ کو ملے تو چوم لوں میں اُنؐ کا در ہوا!

احمدؐ کے دشمنوں کا ٹھکانہ کہیں نہیں
پیغام ہے تبوک و حنین و بدر ہوا!

میرا خیال خام ہے، بے کار میرے لفظ
ہوتی نہ ساتھ ان کی یہ نسبت اگر ہوا

اک میں ہی بس نہیں ہوں فدائے نبیؐ فضاؔ
ہیں آسماں، زمین، شجر اور حجر، ہوا

Analysis of the Implementation of Patient Safety Targets at the Makassar City Regional General Hospital

The Patient Safety Goals (SKP) drive specific improvements in patient safety. These objectives highlight problematic areas of health care in a system implemented in hospitals to make patient care safer. This study aims to analyze the implementation of patient safety goals in Makassar City Hospital. This type of research is mixed methods research. The research uses a sequential explanatory strategy. The results showed that the implementation of patient safety targets based on the Hospital Patient Safety Target Standards (SNARS) at Makassar City Hospital has a good implementation of patient safety targets. The implementation of patient safety targets in terms of leadership in the Makassar City Regional General Hospital (RSUD), namely the awarding of awards has never been done, and supervision is carried out by looking at patient safety reports. In terms of human resources, training related to patient safety is still lacking and only during accreditation. Regarding policies, there are SOPs related to patient safety incidents and there is no clear sanction, only a warning. For teamwork, there is no availability of a patient safety team in the treatment room, only KMKP has a patient safety team. In addition, the implementation of patient safety goals in terms of communication, namely the existence of positive feedback given and followed up by the Patient Safety and Quality Committee (KMKP), as well as lack of socialization by KMKP, only at the time of accreditation.

Environmental Risk Factors of Tuberculosis and Detection of Infection and Drug Resistance Through Multiplex Analysis

Over 9 million new active tuberculosis (TB) cases emerge each year from an enormous pool of 2 billion individuals latently infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb.) worldwide. About 3 million new TB cases per year go undiagnosed, and 1.5 million die (equivalent to AIDS related deaths). Involvement of various host related and environmental risk factors increasing the susceptibility of the disease and emergence of MDRTB has made the control and eradication of the disease difficult. TB, however, is generally curable if diagnosed correctly and in a timely manner. The current diagnostic methods for TB and MDRTB, including state-of-the-art molecular tests, have failed in delivering the capacity needed to curtail this ongoing pandemic. Highly efficient, accurate, cost effective and scalable diagnostic tests are critically needed. We report a multiplex TB serodiagnostic panel for TB infection and a DNA based tests for MDRTB, based on microbead suspension array. Our serodiagnostic panel demonstrates sensitivity of 91% for confirmed TB cases on serum/plasma samples from patients. Sensitivities of this new test format for sputum smear positive and negative cases are 95%, and 89%, respectively, and this test has specificity of 96%. Similarly our DNA based test for MDRTB mutation has 86% sensitivity for Rifampicin, 92% for Isoniazid, 62% for Streptomycin and 63% for Ethambutol resistant samples. This test has shown 100% specificity and 100% correlation between sputum and culture samples of MDRTB. These diagnostic criteria for the multiplex TB & MDRTB test are greatly superior to that of the frontline sputum smear test (30-70% sensitivity) and conventional culture and DST. The test can be run on either blood plasma/serum or dried blood spots (DBS) for TB infection and on DNA isolated from sputum/culture of MDRTB sample, enabling use in almost any setting with scalability from 1 to 360 patients per day, and is amenable to automation for higher (1000s per day) throughput. We also have reported the involvement of well-established host related, environmental and social risk factors in susceptibility of the disease. For host-related factors, TB was found to be significantly associated with male gender, marital status, smoking, drinking, personal and family history of TB, asthma and diabetes (OR: 1.08, 1.96, 1.21, 4.26, 2.07, 3.16, 3.43 and 3.67) respectively with P-value <0.001. For environmental and socio economic factors TB was found to be associated with adult crowding, increased family size, poor ventilation and use of biofuels (OR: 4.60, 1.75, 3.29 and 3.90) illiteracy, unawareness of the disease, migration and presence of animals in the house (OR: 1.74, 0.07, 1.83 and 1.60) respectively with p-values of <0.005. Thus in combination with information of demographic details, risk factors information and use of the proposed test, diagnosis of TB and MDRTB can be possible in one day without any delay in initiation of the treatment. This approach can help TB control program to control the disease by diagnosing it efficiently, accurately, and timely.