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Examining the Role of Aggression in the Context of Association Between Shyness and Internalizing Problems

Thesis Info

Author

Amna Bibi

Department

National Institute of Psychology, Centre of Excellence, QAU

Program

MSc

Institute

Quaid-i-Azam University

Institute Type

Public

City

Islamabad

Province

Islamabad

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2012

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Page

56

Subject

Psychology

Language

English

Other

Call No: DISS/M. Sc. PSY/607

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2023-01-08 02:17:13

ARI ID

1676715335079

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باب دوم: ماحولیاتی تحفظ کا مطالعہ

ماحولیات کا تعارف

ماحول کو عربی زبان میں "بیئۃ" کہا جاتا ہے۔ ا س کا مادہ "بوأ " ہے۔

صاحب "معجم الوسیط" رقمطراز ہیں:

" (البيئة) الْمنزل وَالْحَال وَيُقَال بيئة طبيعية وبيئة اجتماعية وبيئة سياسية"[1]

 احمد بن خلیل اپنی تالیف "کتاب العین" میں کرتے ہیں:

"بوأ:الباءةُ والمَباءة: منزل القوم حين يَتَبَوَّءُونَ في قِبَلِ وادٍ، أو سَنَد جَبَلٍ، ويقال: [بل هو] كلّ منزلِ يَنْزِلُه القَوْم، يقال: تَبَوَّءُوا منزلا.. وقال تعالى: وَلَقَدْ بَوَّأْنا بَنِي إِسْرائِيلَ مُبَوَّأَ صِدْقٍ "[2]

 ابو نصر فارابی ؒ لکھتے ہیں:

"[بوأ]المباءة: منزل القوم في كل موضع، ويسمى كِناس الثور الوحشي: مباءةً "[3]

احمد بن فارس الرازی رقمطراز ہیں:

" (بَوَأَ) الْبَاءُ وَالْوَاوُ وَالْهَمْزَةُ أَصْلَانِ: أَحَدُهُمَا الرُّجُوعُ إِلَى الشَّيْءِ، وَالْآخَرُ تَسَاوِي الشَّيْئَيْنِ.فَالْأَوَّلُ الْبَاءَةُ وَالْمَبَاءَةُ، وَهِيَ مَنْزِلَةُ الْقَوْمِ"[4]

ابن الاثیرؒ (م606ھ) ماحول کی لغوی تشریح فرماتے ہیں:

"مَنْ كَذب عَلَيَّ مُتَعَمِّداً فَلْيَتَبَوَّأْ مَقعده مِنَ النَّارِ قَدْ تَكَرَّرَتْ هَذِهِ اللَّفْظَةُ فِي الْحَدِيثِ، وَمَعْنَاهَا لِيَنْزِلْ مَنْزِلَه مِنَ النَّارِ، يُقَالُ بَوَّأَهُ اللَّهُ مَنْزِلا، أَيْ أسْكنَه إيَّاه، وتَبَوَّأْتُ منزِلا، أَيِ اتَّخَذْته، والمَبَاءَة: الْمَنْزِلُ"[5]

مذکورہ بالا مباحث سے معلوم ہوتا ہے کہ ٹھکانہ، مسکن، ارد گرد کے مقامات، رہائش کا مقام وغیرہ ماحول کے مفہوم میں شامل ہیں۔ "بَوَّأَ" کا معنی ٹھکانہ، قیام کی جگہ، منزل، مسکن، رہنے سہنے کامقام یعنی ماحول ہے۔ماحول اتنا اہمیت کا حامل ہے کہ کتاب اللہ میں بھی ماحول کو مختلف زاویوں سے ذکر کیا گیاہے۔ کلام ِ ربانی میں ماحول کے تذکرہ سے اس کی افادیت کا اندازہ کیا جاسکتا ہے۔

 ارشاد باری تعالیٰ ہے:

" وَالَّذِيْنَ هَاجَرُوْا فِي اللّٰهِ مِنْۢ بَعْدِ مَا ظُلِمُوْا لَنُبَوِّئَنَّهُمْ...

Covid-19 Vaccine: Global Stock Market “Game Changer”

This research is a conceptual paper that examines the impact of the presence of the Covid-19 vaccine on investor sentiment and the performance of the global stock market after being hit by high concerns due to the pandemic. The results showed that each stage of vaccine development received high appreciation from stock investors, especially after vaccine candidates passed clinical trials in humans. Investors' positive sentiment towards the vaccine program boosted stock market performance. However, the sentiment of this vaccine cannot stand alone, it needs government policy support to truly restore market confidence in the recovery of social and economic conditions, including the stock market. This research combines secondary data published from high-ranking journals that can be used to help develop future tests.

Induction of Salt Tolerance in Wheat Triticum Aestivum L. . Through Exogenous Appliction of Polyhydroxy Fullerence Nanoparticles

The effect of exogenous polyhydroxy fullerene (PHF) nanoparticles on wheat salinity tolerance was studied. The PHF stock solution was prepared in MiliQ water and characterized via TEM, UV-Vis spectrum, EC, pH and TOC analyses. After this, different exogenous PHF concentrations (non-primed seed, 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 1000, 10,000 nM)were usedto study early growth response of wheat seedlings under 0 and 150 mM NaCl stress.The PHF doses, 0, 10, 40, 80 and 120 nM PHFwere selected to study their effects on wheat seedlings under salinity when supplied through three different exogenous modes viz. root zone, seed priming and foliar spray. Various morpho-biochemical attributes studied and the results revealed thattwo modes of PHF exogenous application (Seed priming and foliar spray) selected to check its role at later growth stages.During experimentation, six priming treatments (non-primed, 0, 10, 40, 80 and 120 nM) while three foliar spray treatments (0, 40 and 80 nM PHF) were used to study their influence on the growth, biochemical, physiological, ionic and yield attributes. In an overall note, salinity decreased growth, photosynthetic pigments, leaf water relations and gas exchange attributes. Under salt stress, increased hydrogen peroxide contents and lipid peroxidation was recorded. In addition, increase in antioxidant activitieswas recorded in response to salt stress. Changes in nonenzymatic antioxidants were also evident that included reduction in ascorbic acid (AsA) and increase in flavonoids, phenolics, sugars and proline contents. Marked increase in Na+ions in wheat plant parts recorded under stress consistent with decrease in shoot K+, Ca2+ and P ions. On the other hand, exogenous PHF treatments improved growth attributes of wheat consistent with improvement in photosynthetic pigments, enzymatic antioxidant activities and enhanced sugar and proline accumulation. Furthermore, the plants treated with PHF exhibited significant increasein the photosynthetic activity and leaf water relations. In short, PHF exogenousapplication caused 6-10 % increase in the 100-grain weight under salinity in comparison with control plantsOverall, seed priming with 40 and 80 nMPHF were the most effective treatment that reduced oxidative stress, and increased antioxidant capacity and contributed to improvements in wheat grain yield in wheat under salt stress.