Ijaz Hussain, Political and Legal Dimensions of Indus Water Treaty (Book Reviews)

Of the many issues that the partition of India in 1947 did not address in time, and were left to worsen the relations between India and Pakistan, the issue of riparian rights was only next in importance to the issue of Kashmir. In many respects the two issues have direct bearing on each other as well, as some important rivers emanate from Indian-held Kashmir. As the time passes more and more historians are coming to the conclusion that the massacre at the time of partition, the uprooting of more than 12 million people from their native homes, horrendous violence against women, burning and looting, etc, all owe mainly to the colonial administration that failed to ensure peaceful transition to two independent countries. No less than a person than a former Prime Minister of Great Britain, Winston Churchill, described the attitude of the then British government as the ‘biggest escape of human history’. In its urge to get rid of Indian responsibility, the government of Prime Minister Clement Atlee, showed extraordinary haste in relinquishing its responsibilities without ascertaining that the partition of a country of a subcontinental size would involve a huge amount of work. It required taking into consideration all administrative and security aspects so that the two countries could move along their independent journey as good neighbours. Unfortunately, the failure of the British government, both in London and, through its viceroy, in Delhi, left a number of issues unsettled, which the two independent countries have been trying to resolve for the last seven decades. Moreover, with the passage of time, new factors emerged which further complicated the original issues.

Applications of Orthogonal Polynomials for the Numerical Solutions of Higher Order Boundary Value Problems

A differential equation along with a set of additional constraints (called boundary conditions) form a boundary value problem. Boundary value problems (linear or nonlinear) are found mostly in engineering, applied mathematics and physical sciences as well. Although, few numerical algorithms are found in solving the higher order boundary value problems using orthogonal polynomials. Since polynomials play a vital role in computing the numerical solutions of the differential equations therefore, the research, conducted during my PhD programme, concerns with the study of the numerical solutions of higher order linear boundary value problems. The main objectives of the research are to develop Galerkin technique for solving special eighth, tenth and twelfth order linear boundary value problems using Legendre polynomials, and numerical approximations for solving the system of Fredholm integro–differential equations and the system of differential equations using Laguerre polynomials. The numerical schemes, developed, have been compared with the existing methods, which shows the higher accuracy of the schemes.