پروفیسر آرنلڈ
پچھلے مہینے کی علمی سوانح میں دو فاضلوں کی وفات کا سانحہ خاص طور سے اہم ہے، ان میں سے ایک مغرب نژاد اور دوسرا مشرقی تھا، پہلے کو ہندوستان اور ہندوستان کے مسلمان پروفیسر آرنلڈ کے نام سے جانتے ہیں، یہ فلسفہ کے عالم ہونے کے ساتھ عربی اور اسلامیات کے بھی ماہر تھے، یہ ہندوستان آکر پہلے اسلامیہ کالج لاہور میں فلسفہ کے پروفیسر مقرر ہوئے، اور پھر بعد کو محمڈن کالج علی گڑھ میں پروفیسر ہوکر آئے اور یہیں ان کی شہرت کا ستارہ چمکا، ان کی خاص خصوصیت علم کے ساتھ ان کا حسن اخلاق تھا، وہ مشرقی علماء کے ساتھ ہمیشہ گھل مل کر رہتے، اور لاہور ہو یا علی گڑھ ہر جگہ انھوں نے اپنے رفیق علماء سے کچھ سیکھا اور ان کو کچھ سکھایا، اور خصوصیت کے ساتھ لاہور میں قاضی ظفرالدین صاحب مرحوم اور علی گڑھ میں مولانا شبلی نعمانی مرحوم کے ساتھ ان کے دوستانہ اور علمی تعلقات رہے، اور ان واقعات کا نتیجہ لاہور میں ان کی تالیف السواء السبیل فی معرفۃ العرب والدخیل اور علی گڑھ میں ان کی مشہور تصنیف دعوت اسلام ہے۔
مولانا شبلی مرحوم اور ان میں تعلقات ٹھیک استاد اور شاگرد کے تھے، مگر یہ فیصلہ مشکل ہے کہ ان میں استاد کون اور شاگرد کون تھا، مولانا نے ان سے کچھ فرنچ سیکھی تھی، اور انھوں نے ان سے عربی ، مولانا مرحوم کے سفرترکی میں سمرناتک وہی رفیقِ سفر تھے، مولانا نے اپنے سفرنامہ میں اس کا حال لکھا ہے، سفر روم والے فارسی قصیدہ میں لکھتے ہیں،
آرنلڈ آنکہ رفیق است وہم استاد مرا
استاد کے استاد سے ۱۹۲۰ء میں لندن میں میری ملاقات ہوئی تھی، وہ اس وقت انڈیا آفس سے متعلق تھے، مولانا مرحوم کے تعلق کے سبب سے مجھ سے بڑی محبت سے پیش...
The study explore the relationship between social media communication and social anxiety among undergraduate students. The respondents were selected using a simple random technique. The data was collected by self-administered interview among 100 undergraduate students in Universiti Putra Malaysia. The Instruments used for data collection includes; Social Anxiety Questionnaire for Adults (SAQ-A30) and The Internet Addiction Test (IAT). Study revealed that Facebook was the most common social media patronized with 36 (36.70%) patronage, followed by Instagram with 33 (33.70%), WhatsApp 19 (19.40%) and finally Twitter with 10 (10.20%). Based on the respondents, most students use the social media for social communications and seeking information. The level of social anxiety among most undergraduate students of Human Ecology faculty in Universiti Putra Malaysia is high because approximately two third of the respondents possessed the higher score in social anxiety level. This implies that most undergraduate students of Universiti Putra Malaysia are up to date in information gathering and the use of social network has helped to facilitate social interaction among fellow students and friends thereby reducing the likelihood of students suffering social anxiety disorder.
The present research investigated anger expression in children with emotional behavioural problems and its relationship with parental perception, child temperament, and cognitive appraisal in Pakistani cultural context. The research was initiated with the hypotheses that authoritarian, permissive and uninvolved, parental perception would positively relate whereas authoritative parental perception would negatively relate with anger expression in children. Parental Perception, child temperament and cognitive appraisal would likely to predict anger expression in children. Role of child temperament as moderator and cognitive appraisal as mediator was also studied. The present research was carried out in two studies. In Study I an indigenous anger expression scale was developed, validated and standardized. Principal component analysis with varimax rotation and kaiser normalization generated four factors that were labeled as externalized anger, feeling of rejection, hostility and violence, and internalized anger. Moreover four measures including State Trait Anger Expression Inventory-2 for Children and Adolescents (Brunner & Spilberger 2009), Parental Perception Questionnaire (Pasquali et al, 2012), School Aged Temperament Inventory (McClowry, 1995) and Child Appraisal Questionnaire (Hood, Power, & Hill, 2009) were translated into Urdu following the standardized forward-backward translation procedures. In Study II, cross sectional research design was followed and a sample of 450 children including 225 children with emotional-behavioural problems and 225 emotionally healthy children were drawn from three hospitals and four schools in Lahore city. The age range of children was 9 through 13 (M=11.35, SD=1.36). Results indicated that authoritarian parental perception positively related and predicted while authoritative, permissive and uninvolved parental perception negatively related and predicted anger expression in children with xx emotional behavioural problems and emotionally healthy children. Likewise uninvolved parental perception positively related and predicted internalized anger expression. Child temperament significantly moderated and cognitive appraisal (significance, predictability and self- blame) significantly mediated the relationship in between parental perception and anger expression in children. Children with emotional behavioural problems were obtained higher scores on externalized anger expression and hostility and violence subscale. Gender differences were also observed but only for internalized anger expression i.e girls obtained higher scores. The findings and their implications were discussed on the part of parents, educators, researchers and clinicians.