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Home > Us Democracy Promotion in Middle East: A Case Study of Iraq

Us Democracy Promotion in Middle East: A Case Study of Iraq

Thesis Info

Author

Anila Batool

Department

School of Politics and International Relations, QAU

Program

Mphil

Institute

Quaid-i-Azam University

Institute Type

Public

City

Islamabad

Province

Islamabad

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2016

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Page

vii, 105

Subject

Politics and International Relations

Language

English

Other

Call No: Diss / M. Phil / IR / 379

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2023-02-19 12:33:56

ARI ID

1676715374824

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تیراک

تیراک

وجیہہ ضمیر

پورا دن گزر گیا اور شام ہونے والی ہے۔ دریائی پانی کے بہاو پر شفق کے عکس کی چادر تن گئی ہے۔ بوڑھا ماہی گیر، جس کے ماتھے کی شکنیں مزید گہری اور ایک دوسرے کو کاٹنے لگ گئیں۔وہ تھکن کے احساس سے بڑبڑانے لگا۔"آج کا دن ہی کچھ منحوس تھا۔کوئی بڑی مچھلی ہاتھ نہ آئی"۔ بوڑھے ماہی گیر کا معاون، اٹھارہ برس کا کھلنڈرا جوان ہے۔جسےاس کی بوڑھی بیوہ ماں نے، مچھلیاں پکڑنے کے گر سیکھنے کےلیے اس کے پاس چھوڑ رکھا تھا۔یہ انتہائی جذباتی، متجسس اور ہر وقت اپنی ذات کے اندر بے تکے سوالوں کی ٹر ٹر لگائے رکھتا تھا۔ وہ ہر لمحہ کچھ نہ کچھ سوچتا ہی رہتا،خود ہی سوال اٹھاتا اور خود کو ہی جواب دے کر مطمن کر دیتا۔ لیکن پچھلے کچھ عرصے سے خدا کا منطقہ اس کے ذہن میں یوں اٹک گیا جیسے گلے میں ہڈی پھنس جاتی ہے۔سارا دن یہ سوال مسلسل پوچھ پوچھ کر اس نے اپنے استاد کا سر کھا لیا۔استاد اسے بےوقوف لڑکا سمجھتے ہوئے کئی طرح سے ٹالتا رہا۔ لڑکے نے آخری بار پوچھنے کا فیصلہ کرتے ہوئے ذرا تیکھے پن سے کہا:

"استاد! اب بتاو ہی دو، یہ خدا کس بلا کا نام ہے؟"

استاد نے جال سمیٹے اور تیوری چڑھاتے ہوئے، اسے دیکھا اور بولا۔"بکو مت، یہ کیا بکواس کر رہے ہو سنو ۔ خدا نظر نہیں آتا، لیکن رحم و کرم سے بھرپور اور انسان سے محبت کرتا ہے۔" لڑکے کے ذہن میں اٹکا یہ معاملہ جیسے سلجھ گیا ہو۔ وہ پہلے زیر لب مسکرایا، پھر ہنسا، پھر قہقہے لگانے شروع کر دیے اور رواں گہرے پانی میں چھلانگ لگا دی۔ شاید اس نے یہ سوچا ہو گا کہ مجھے بھی نظر نہیں آ...

افراد معاشرہ کی کردار سازی کا عمل: سیرت طیبہ کی روشنی میں

The real purpose of Holy Prophets to come in this world is just only to preach the Allah's messages.  The Allah deliver orders thought revelation which are the significant.  The prophet are the practical shape of that there are lot of stories in the Holy Quran to exemplify  that role model. The ancients of his life and his actual life is not for the entertainment but in fact it is the role model that meant reciter or reader of Holy Quran should take an inspiration form that action, he must construct himself through this Allah has declared the life of Hazrat Muhammad (P B U H) is Uswa-e-Husana. It means the life of Hazrat Muhammad (PBUH) represent the good symbol of his character his sit and down his eat and drink and all good manners thought's this we can constant our character Hazrat Muhammad (PBUH) life is full of kindness compassion mercy gratitude thankfulness abundance courage fearlessness self-reflection and unwavering belief in his mission. Hazrat Muhammad (PBUH)  is the great educator of mankind. He had enlighted the whole world with the teaching and light of Islam.

Synthesis and Characterization of Photocatalysts for Hydrogen Generation from Water and Renewable

In this work, we have studied hydrogen generation via photocatalytic water splitting using commercially available titania (P25) as semiconductor and various co-catalyst systems. To explore most active metal, different photocatalysts were synthesized by depositing 1 wt.% of Pt, Pd, Au, Ag, Cu and Ni at P25 surface via PVA-assisted sodium borohydride chemical reduction method. As-synthesized photocatalysts (M@P25) were characterized using UV-vis DRS, XRD, TEM, and XPS techniques. H2 evolution activities were determined on GC-TCD (Shimadzu 2014) using Hg-lamp (100W, 365nm) as light source and 5 vol% ethanol as sacrificial reagent. The photocatalytic activities of photocatalysts were found 17.92, 20.61, 13.92, 1.24, 5.0 and 0.61 mmol g−1h−1 respectively. The results revealed that Pd@P25 exhibits the highest H2 generation activity as compared to Pt, Au, Cu, Ni, and Ag deposited over P25. In order to further enhance the photocatalytic efficiency of Pd/P25 system, the effect of addition of alkaline earth metal oxide (AEMO) was studied. In this study, various photocatalysts i.e. Pd/SrO@P25, Pd/BaO@P25 and Pd/CaO@P25 were synthesized by depositing different wt.% ratio of Pd/Sr, Pd/Ba and Pd/Ca (overall 2 wt.%), respectively at P25 surface via in-situ reduction by NaBH4. The effect of different wt. ratio of Pd/AEMO on the photocatalytic activity was studied. The results revealed that Pd1.8Ba0.2/P25, Pd1.8Sr0.2/P25 and Pd1.0Ca1.0/P25 were found most active photocatalysts amongst each respective series, exhibiting activity of 29.2, 24.5 and 22.57 mmol g−1h−1, respectively. Thus, following activity trend; Pd:BaO/P25 > Pd:SrO/P25 > Pd:CaO/P25 was obtained. Finally, we have explored that activity of Ag@P25; a very low active photocatalyst can also be promoted via addition of SrO. In this series, the photocatalyst with different wt.% ratio of Ag/Sr@P25 were synthesized and the most active catalyst Ag2.0Sr0.5/P25 showed hydrogen generation value of 8.77 mmol g−1h−1. Overall, a better strategy which could add a better e−/h+ separation to acknowledge higher photo catalytic H2 generation activity has been demonstrated in this study.