اسلام کا تصوّر انسان اور اس کی ذمّہ داریاں ایک تحقیقی جائزہ Islamic Concept of Man and his Responsibilities

Allah Almighty has completed this world by the creation of human being. He Almighty has made the men superior than the other creation of all the world .By his creation Allah Almighty has designated some responsibilities to him as well. If He will fulfil these responsibilities and do right deed, Allah almighty will pleased by him and he will deserve the Heaven and if he will not fulfil his responsibilities which were designated by Allah almighty and will misconduct, then due to misconducting of his deeds he will go to Hell. By this article, I tried to describe the meaning of man and point out the process and stages of creation of human, his responsibilities and some hidden but bitter facts about human life. When a person accept and understand these facts, his life will be easy. In this research paper descriptive method of research has been adopted by researcher

A Web of Things Architecture Focusing on Trust

Trust has a significant impact on our personal and business relations. It is noteworthy that in the era of things based services, people trust in various companies/organizations for per sonal and business purposes. They receive their services and consequently, ‘data including personalandbusiness’isaccessibletotheseserviceproviderswhichsometimesbringunde sirable results. An example of things-based services is remote health monitoring system. In this case also, the sensitive data is accessible to known and occasionally unknown entities. Since health-related services are life-critical, therefore, the quality of such services in term of trust should not be compromised, and the context of the services should be the same as required. Hence,itisfairlysaidthatmaintainingtrustintheenvironmentofthisdominating technology is a tedious task. Web of Things (WoT) simplifies the development of things based services by providing an application layer. It is identified that the existing work focuses on building blocks of WoT architecture. However, the aspect of trust has got less attention in the area of WoT. Con sequently, this research proposes a WoT architecture focusing on Trust. It has five layers which are not like those layers defined in the OSI (Open System Interconnection) model. Instead these layers facilitate i)in making things part of the cyber world with the help of the Web technologies, ii) monitoring and evaluating trust at a central trust management layer, iii) receiving and providing recommendations through social relations, iv) and help in dis covering and selecting the required services by managing their trustworthiness at user level. For trust monitoring and management, a methodology is introduced in which entities are evaluated on the basis of multi-criteria such as context and Quality of Service (QoS). For this purpose,severalattributesrelatedtocontextandQoSareidentifiedwhichcanaffectthe trust worthiness of the entities. Direct and indirect experiences are the sources of evidence of trustworthiness. Moreover, third-party recommendations are also considered. To complete these tasks, algorithms are also designed. The research also proposes a methodology for the identification of service-related attacks which are carried out to malign the trust level of the entities present in the system. To validate the proposed architecture, a prototype is implemented which is for the real-time monitoring of a poultry farm in Pakistan. It demonstrates an instance of the architecture presenting the five layers of the architecture. The test results show the effectiveness of the architecture in maintaining the healthy environment of the poultry farm. In addition, to demonstrate the effectiveness of proposed algorithms, two specially designed environments are implemented where two real datasets are used for experimental purpose. In the first group of experiments, the algorithms for service discovery, selection, and ranking are tested along with query augmentation. In the second group of experiments, a classification ap proachalongwiththeproposedalgorithmsisusedtoidentifyvarioustypesofattacksonthe basis of feedbacks. During two kinds of experiments, the proposed algorithms demonstrate their effectiveness in discovering and ranking the services. In addition, identification of the attacks is also demonstrated. The results show that the system outperforms the existing re lated approaches in terms of the comparative analysis on the basis of performance metrics (such as precision, sensitivity, and accuracy) and parametric metrics (such as availability, interoperability, context-awareness, scalability, and QoS).