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ڈاکٹر ریاض ہمدانی کی زیرِ نگرانی پنجاب ٹیلنٹ ہنٹ 2021ء کے ادبی اور ثقافتی مقابلہ جات کا دوسرا دن تھا ۔ افسانے کا مقابلہ تھا اور میں بطور جج اپنے فرائض انجام دے رہا تھا۔ بلدیہ کے بڑے ہال میں موسیقی کا مقابلہ انعقاد پذیر تھا جب کہ میٹنگ روم میں نئے بھرتی ہونے والے پٹواری ٹریننگ لینے میں مصروف تھے۔ میں نے چا ر و ناچار باہر ہی کرسیاں لگوانی شروع کردیں۔ اسی دوران ایک طالبہ مجھے کام کرتا دیکھ کر آئی اور پوچھا کہ غزل کا مقابلہ کہاں ہو گا؟ میں نے جواب دیا اس مرتبہ شاعری کا ایونٹ شامل نہیں۔ یہ غزل فاطمہ تھی ،جس کی ڈائری میں چند غزلیں اس کی شاعرہ ہونے کی دلیل تھیں۔ میں نے اسے فریدیہ کالج میں بی ۔ ایس کی طالبات کے سامنے اپنا کلام پیش کرنے کی دعوت دی۔ پھر ایک دن موصوفہ کے اعزاز میں ایک شعری نشست منعقد ہوئی۔ اگلے دن اس نو آموز شاعرہ غزل فاطمہ کے کلام پر بی۔ایس باٹنی کی ایک طالبہ کا زبانی تبصرہ پروفیسر محمد عمران (کلاس ٹیچر) کی وساطت سے موصول ہوا کہ: ’’اس سے بہتر کلام تو میں لکھ سکتی ہوں‘‘۔ پھر اس نے اگلے روز ایک غزل موزوں کر کے تصحیح و تبصرے کے لیے بھجوائی جس کا مطلع درج ذیل ہے:
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پھر اگلے دن دوسری اور اس سے اگلے دن تیسری غزل موصول ہوئی۔ یوں دو اڑھائی ماہ میں ایک پورا مجموعہ تیار ہو گیا۔ بی ۔ایس باٹنی کی وہ طالبہ اس مجموعے کی خالق فضا موسیٰ ہیں۔ انھوں نے یہ مجموعہ بہت سہولت سے بہت کم وقت میں تشکیل دیا ہے۔ تخلیقِ شعر کے مدارج کی دقت انھوںنے کس درجہ جھیلی ہے اس کا درست جواب...
The purpose of this study was to describe the science process skills of students of PGMI FTIK IAIN Palu on the science laboratory of Asam Basa. This research is a descriptive study conducted at the PGMI Study Program in September to October 2019. The research subjects were students of semester 3 of PGMI in the academic year 2019/2020 who took 28 natural science courses. Data in the form of students' Science Process Skills were obtained from the student performance appraisal in the science practicum on acid-base material. The results showed that students' science process skills varied in each category. For the category of skills using tools and materials, the average percentage for the 2 indicators is 83.05% or very high. For the category of observation skills, the average percentage for the two indicators is 83% or very high. For the grouping / classification skills category, the average percentage for the 2 indicators is 79% or in the high category. Whereas for communication skills where in this category there are 3 indicators with an average indicator of 82.5 or very high. Overall by averaging the percentage of all indicators obtained the percentage for science process skills in science lab, wet acid material is 82%. This shows that the science process skills of PGMI students are very high.
Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner is being used successfully as biological control agent throughout the world as a substitute of hazardous chemical insecticide in agriculture and forestry for the elimination of pests, and in human health sector for the elimination of disease vectors. In Pakistan, being an agricultural country, commercial scale production and application of biological insecticide is essential. The main objective of this study was to explore potential B. thuringiensis isolates from local environments and to produce effective and low cost biopesticides by a simple and effective process (shake flask technique/fermentation) for the control of chickpea pod-borer, Helicoverpa armigera Hübner of lepidoptera group. To achieve this objective 150 soil samples collected from different regions of Pakistan were screened and eighty one B. thuringiensis isolates were obtained from 33 (22%) soil samples, identified as B. thuringiensis by using phase contrast microscope and standard tests. These B. thuringiensis isolates contained crystal of different shapes but majority contained typical bipyramidal with cuboidal or irregular crystal. Polymerase chain reaction results indicated that 85.19% isolates was positive for cry1 gene (Lepidoptera specific) showing that cry1 gene occur frequently in our B. thuringiensis isolates. The SDS-PAGE results indicated that variations exist in the protein profile of spore-crystal of B. thuringiensis isolates but the protein profile of the majority was similar to reference standard strain. Results of preliminary screening bioassay at 500 μg toxin/mL diet indicated that toxic B. thuringiensis isolates and reference strain caused 96.55-100% whereas non-toxic caused - 7.33-45.33% mortality against 1 st instar larvae of H. armigera. Non-toxic B. thuringiensis isolates did not contain typical bipyramidal crystal. These results indicated that correlation exist between crystal morphology and toxicity to H. armigera. Bioassay results of toxic B. thuringiensis isolates indicated that LC 50 and potency of the most toxic B. thuringiensis isolate, PA-Sb-46.3 were 4.54 μg/mL, 1177515 IU/mg and relative potency 73.6. Relative potency showed that it was 73.6 times toxic than reference strain. B. thuringiensis var. kurstaki (HD-I-S-1980) viiiThe biopesticide was prepared from locally available low cost ingredients: dried beef blood, molasses and mineral salts (ZnCl 2, MgCl 2, MnCl 2, CaCl 2 and FeCl 3 ) which were used as medium for the laboratory scale production of B. thuringiensis biopesticide by shake flask technique. Indigenous B. thuringiensis isolate PA-Sb-46.3 which produced two crystals: bi-pyramidal and cuboidal was found 73.6 times toxic against H. armigera than reference strain B. thuringiensis var. kurstaki (HD-I-S-1980) was used. Medium was fermented for 72 hours at 30 ± 2 o C and 160 rpm. After 72 h fermented medium showed 95-99 % sporulation, with spore yield of 3.97 X 10 9 spore/mL and LC 50 value to 1 st instar larvae of H. armigera was 0.53 μg/mL diet. Preservatives and diluents used in the biopesticide were found to be effective when stored it at room temperature over a period of 30 months. The three years field results of biopesticide with exotic and chemical insecticides indicated that biopesticide was effective against H. armigera. These observations suggested that the biopesticide produced was effective and highly economical for the industrial scale production to manage H. armigera in Pakistan.