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Spread of Influence for Multipath Routing in Wireless Ad Hoc Networks

Thesis Info

Author

Arsalan Ullah Rana

Department

Department of Electronics, QAU

Program

Mphil

Institute

Quaid-i-Azam University

Institute Type

Public

City

Islamabad

Province

Islamabad

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2014

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Page

50

Subject

Electronics

Language

English

Other

Call No: DISS/M. Phil ELE 244

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2023-02-19 12:33:56

ARI ID

1676715447768

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میں نے بس تجھ کو چاہا ہے

میں نے بس تجھ کو چاہا ہے
کون سا ایسا جرم کیا ہے

لوگ مجھے کیوں دیکھ رہے ہیں
مجھ سے کیا کچھ غلط ہوا ہے

تجھ کو جس کی خبر نہیں ہے
تیری یاد میں سوکھ چکا ہے

اُس سے اتنی نفرت کیوں ہے
وہ تو تیرا دوست رہا ہے

تیری جدائی سہوں مَیں کیسے؟
تُو کیوں مجھ سے دور گیا ہے

آج کی رات نہ سو پائوں گا
گلی میں تجھ کو دیکھ لیا ہے

تیری گلی میں جاتا کیوں ہوں
ہوش کہاں مجھ کو رہتا ہے

کوئی تو بات ہے دل میں تیرے
میں نے یہ محسوس کیا ہے

رات بنی ہے سونے کو جی
جانے تُو کیوں جاگ رہا ہے

Image of Islam Western Media: An Overview of Studies About Portrayal of Islam and Islamic World 1971-2001

ABSTRACT: This article presents an over view of studies conducted by the various scholars about portrayal of Islam and Islamic world during the time period (1971-2001) . It is claimed that mainstream media of west and US have been disseminating false information about Islamic world since the several decades. Due to the distorted images, developed and manipulated by the media, Islam is the name of negativity in the west. It is generally believed that western and United States mainstream media often misrepresents and inaccurately interprets/portrays Islam, Islamic world and its manifestation. After conducting in depth analysis of various studies regarding portrayal of Islamic world prior the incident of 9/11, it was found that elite media in the United States including the newspapers: Like New York Times and Washington post; the magazines: like Time and News Week, electronic media including: like ABC, CBS, NBS & CNN have been highlighting Islamic world in negative and unfavorable manner. It is said this anti Islamic campaign has reached to enormous proportion with the demise of communism. The that negative image of Islamic country is primarily a conspiracy of American foreign office to invent a new bogy and enemy to fill vacuum created by the collapse of soviet Union and world wide desperation of communism, particularly demise of communism in former USSR

Anxiety Prevalence and its Academic Influences Among University Students

Naturally, every individual strives for getting satisfaction and to avoid negative outcomes. A future oriented fear of a sort without avoidance refers to anxiety, which, in its mild state acts as a source of motivation, however, it may lead to malfunctioning in its severe form. The present study aimed to investigate the prevalence of anxiety among the students at university level and to find out its influences over academic performance. The study also focused on the major causal factors or correlates of anxiety among university students. Few researches have been carried out on anxiety as a vital psychological aspect of academic performance and to analyze its causal factors among university students, specifically in Pakistan. The main objective of the study was to determine the anxiety levels of university students and to compare it with their academic grades in the last exam. The study was significant as its findings and conclusions may support the university teachers, administrators and examination conducting authorities to adopt appropriate strategies for teaching and evaluation, while keeping in view the anxiety levels of students. It also seems helpful for university students to overcome academic dysfunction caused by severe anxiety. To achieve the stated objectives, the master level students of 16th grade of University of Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan were selected out of which thirty percent (proportionate) sample from 32 postgraduate departments of all of the six faculties, for the session 2011-12 was taken. The total number of students taken was758, (n=758), including 442 males and 316 females. The research involved a descriptive non-experimental correlation design. The anxiety levels of students were determined through the standard self-report mechanism by applying the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI). The academic grades in the form ofxv percent score in the last annual examination were taken and compared among the university students having anxieties of high and low level. The data collected was tabulated, analyzed and interpreted through SPSS v.19, by using means, percentages and Pearson’s product moment correlation coefficient (r). The causal factors of anxiety among university students were determined through academic, environmental, social and future oriented correlates. On average, the students with high and low levels of anxiety were found with a ratio of 40 to 60, respectively, while the students with high and low academic grades were found with a ratio of 65 to 35, respectively. The study concluded with an inverse relation between anxiety and academic grades of university students (r=-0.38) and the academic correlates were found to be the only causal factors of anxiety among the university students. Finally, discussions were made and hierarchic suggestions were presented to optimize the severe anxiety among university students to ensure better academic performance.