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Houshold Consumption Patterns in Pakistan

Thesis Info

Author

Arshad Muhammad Fayyaz

Department

Deptt. of Economics, QAU.

Program

Mphil

Institute

Quaid-i-Azam University

Institute Type

Public

City

Islamabad

Province

Islamabad

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

1991

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Page

178

Subject

Economics

Language

English

Other

Call No: DISS/M.Phil ECO/31

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2023-02-19 12:33:56

ARI ID

1676715454081

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مولاناظفر احمد عثمانی

ڈاکٹر اعجاز حسین ؍ ڈاکٹر مسیح الزماں
گزشتہ مہینہ میں ڈاکٹر اعجاز حسین سابق صدر شعبہ اردو الہ آباد یونیورسٹی کا انتقال حرکت قلب بند ہوجانے سے مظفرپور میں ہوگیا، جہاں وہ ممتحن بن کر گئے ہوئے تھے، ان کی میت الہ آباد لائی گئی، اپنی ملازمت سے سبکدوش ہونے کے بعد بھی لکھنے پڑھنے کا شغل جاری رکھا تھا، اہم اور مفید کتابوں کے مصنف تھے، جن میں مختصر تاریخ ادب اردو اور نئے ادبی رجحانات وغیرہ زیادہ مقبول ہوئیں، اپنے شاگردوں میں بہت مقبول رہے، ان کی وفات سے اردو ادب ایک بہت ہی لائق مصنف اور خدمت گزار سے محروم ہوگیا، ان سے کچھ ہی روز پہلے ڈاکٹر مسیح الزماں ریڈیو شعبہ اردو الہ آباد یونیورسٹی کی بھی وفات اچانک ہوگئی، اردو کی مرثیہ نگاری ان کا خاص موضوع تھا، ان کی عمر وفا کرتی تو اس صنف میں ان کا ادبی کارنامہ بڑا قابل قدر ہوتا، وہ پروفیسر مسعود حسن رضوی سابق صدر شعبہ اردو لکھنؤ یونیورسٹی کے داماد تھے، جن کے لئے اس کبرسنی میں یہ سانحہ بڑا ہی جانکاہ ہوگا۔
دعا ہے کہ خدا اردو ادب کے ان دونوں خدمت گزاروں کو غریق رحمت کرے، آمین ثم آمین۔ (صباح الدین عبدالرحمن، مارچ ۱۹۷۵ء)

 

اسلامی اور مغربی تناظر میں آزادی اظہار رائے کا تقابلی جائزہ

Freedom of Expression: A Comparative Study from Islamic & Western Perspective Living on the earth is all about freedom and as we know that the first man on the earth Adam was sent on the earth with the freedom to worship only to Allah. This freedom is a blessing of Allah and the value of it would only be judged in the era of slavery. It is an ultimate principle in Islam that the total submission is to be Allah alone. Thus, a man would never be a slave of any other person and whenever they become a slave to any other authority they are treated inhumanly. Allah (SW) made this glorious world for human beings and granted them the status of Ashraf ul Makhlūq. Human has such value which can be testified by this reason that everything is tightened to them and the world is only created for them. But human can only be benefited from the world till they are better for them and others, living friendly and create atmosphere of peace. So, till the end they will be benefited and blessed. They will also be in peace and freedom if they take care and have the respect for humanity. As man is a social animal and doesn’t live without his community. Sometimes due to controversy in thinking and other routes fall in conflicts, for which a proper law is administered. The differences in views are not forbidden. It is important, not to cross limits and to create peaceful atmosphere in order to rest humanity in peace and make the world peaceful. This article deals with the comparison of Islamic freedom of expression and the modern Western criterion of freedom of speech. The study concludes that the Islamic and western thought on freedom is different from each other.  In this study comparative and critical approach is adopted.

Characterization and Bioevaluation of Inulin Based Designer Food

Instant research was conducted to explore the fat replacing functionality of inulin in cakes and to highlight its therapeutic potential against hypercholesterolemia and hyperglycemia. Purposely, inulin was extracted from chicory roots and Jerusalem artichoke tubers and its various physicochemical attributes were assessed. The results revealed the inulin content as 90.95±2.43 and 93.76±3.21% for chicory roots and Jerusalem artichoke, respectively. Regarding techno-functional attributes, chicory inulin exhibited more solubility (118.67±3.26g/L) than Jerusalem artichoke inulin (4.62±0.18g/L). Moreover, reported values for oil holding capacity for both the inulin were 1.51±0.02g/g (chicory) and 4.95±1.13g/g (Jerusalem artichoke). Afterwards, extracted inulin was used as a fat replacer in cakes. Purposely, eleven types of cakes were prepared by varying the concentration of chicory inulin (T1 to T5) and Jerusalem artichoke inulin (T6 to T10) @ 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 50% along with control (T0). The results of cake batter illustrated that viscosity decreased with increasing concentration of inulin and the highest reported value (11324.64±226.92cP) for this trait was observed in T0 (control) whereas, lowest value (6311.13±124.23cP) was recorded in T5 (50% chicory inulin). On the other hand, batter density increased from 1.04g/cm3 in control to 1.19 g/cm3 in T5 containing 50% chicory inulin. Regarding cake volume, highest reported value was 539.53±18.46cm3 (control). An inverse relationship was observed between water loss and increased inulin concentration. Lightness for both the crust and crumb decreased with higher doses of inulin. Treatments based on acceptability scores were selected to be used in bioefficacy trial involving normal, hypercholesterolemic and hyperglycemic rats referred as study I, study II and study III, respectively. All the studies were subdivided into three groups and correspondingly three types of diets were prepared such as control (G0), diet containing chicory inulin (G1) and diet containing Jerusalem artichoke inulin (G2). In bioefficacy trial, inulin proved effective in managing the cholesterol level. Highest reduction in cholesterol levels was attained in study II (hypercholesterolemia) as 11.60% for G1 and 11.20% for G2. Likewise, more reduction in LDL levels was observed in hypercholesterolemic rats (study II). An up surge of 5.99% and 7.47% in HDL levels was observed in G2 (Jerusalem artichoke inulin containing diet) and G1 (chicory inulin containing diet) in hypercholesterolemic rats. A noticeable decline in triglycerides levels was also witnessed in study II with the administration of functional diets when compared to control and the percent reduction recorded was 17.0% (G1) and 14.66% (G2). Furthermore, serum glucose levels expressed a significant decline i.e. 9.52% and 10.42% in study III by G1 and G2, respectively. In hyperglycemic rats, an upsurge of 7.12% and 6.09% in insulin levels was observed for G1 and G2, respectively. Besides, kidney and liver functioning parameters were also improved by inulin based diet in comparison to control diet. Fecal pH was determined and reduction was observed in inulin fed groups in comparison to control. Conclusively, it has been explored that chicory roots and Jerusalem artichoke tubers can be used as therapeutic ingredients due to the presence of health promoting moieties such as inulin which can be tailored to develop various food formulations in order to attenuate the lifestyle related disorders.