Penerapan Keterampilan Proses Dasar Berbasis Lingkungan Untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Siswa

Tujuan penelitian Perbaikan Pembelajaran ini untuk meningkatkan aktivitas dan hasil belajar Pembelajaran matematika dengan penerapan pendekatan keterampilan proses dasar berbasis lingkungan kelas VI SDN 156/III Tangil   Kabupaten Kerinci. Subjek penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas VI SDN 156/III Tangil   Kabupaten Kerinci berjumlah 16 orang Siswa. Prosedur penelitian tindakan kelas yang dilakukan oleh peneliti berdasarkan model PTK yaitu kemmis dan Mc Taggart yang terdiri dari kegiatan perencanaan, pelaksanaan, observasi dan evaluasi. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan sebanyak 2 siklus dengan masing-masing siklus sebanyak 2 pertemuan. Pada siklus I aktivitas siswa diperoleh dengan rata-rata secara klasikal 62, 93% yang termasuk dalam kualifikasi Baik. Pada siklus 2 aktivitas siswa mengalami peningkatan dengan rata-rata persentase aktivitas siswa 71, 16% dengan kualifikasi baik. Artinya terdapat peningkatan 6, 23%. Hasil belajar siswa pada siklus 1 dengan rata-rata yang diperoleh 60, 00 dengan kualifikasi cukup baik dan meningkat pada siklus 2 dengan rata-rata yang diperoleh 81, 94 dengan kualifikasi Baik. Artinya terdapat peningkatan sebanyak 21, 94. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa penerapan pendekatan keterampilan proses dasar berbasis lingkungan dapat meningkatkan aktivitas dan hasil belajar pembelajaran matematika kelas VI SDN 156/III Tangil Kabupaten Kerinci.

Challenges to the Strategic Stability in South Asia-Post 1998: A Pakistani Perspective

Strategic stability remains a contested concept and has been described by various scholars differently, based on their understanding and reading of particular strategic environment. Most explanations, however, stem from the ―Cold War‖ experience but contain instructive lessons for a region like ―South Asia‖ that has some similarities as well as significant differences. Introduction of nuclear weapons in 1998 that was followed by two successive military crises between the two nuclear armed neighbors in 1999 and 2001-02, further reinforced commonly held precepts that nuclear weapons help deter war between two nuclear armed states. Some, however, disagree with this conclusion, citing the increased number of crises in the post-1998 period that continues to threaten strategic stability in the region. This study therefore aims to discuss the concept of strategic stability from a Pakistani perspective in the post-1998 security environment that continues to be shaped by various external and internal factors besides evolving military capabilities and doctrines in the region. Besides, providing historical narrative and underlying causes of perpetual animosity between the two South Asian neighbors that had led to number of wars in the pre-1998 era, the study aims to highlight Pakistan‘s political, diplomatic, and economic challenges that continue to influence national decision-making process in the country. So far, Pakistan has managed to balance its shortcomings by developing potent conventional and nuclear deterrence to deal with an existential threat emanating from its Eastern neighbor; nevertheless, the growing IndioUS strategic partnership that is aimed to help build India as a regional hegemon could adversely affect strategic stability in the region. Based on these factors this study would aim to offer recommendations that could address Pakistan‘s national security challenges besides providing a path towards long-term and enduring stability in the region.