مولانا محمد اسمٰعیل سنبھلی
افسوس ہے کہ مولانا محمد اسمٰعیل سنبھلی بھی ہم سے رخصت ہوگئے۔ مولانا دیوبند کے فارغ التحصیل تھے اوربڑے جوش اورجذبہ کے انسان تھے اسی وجہ سے وہ ہمیشہ جمعیۃ علماء کے ساتھ وابستہ رہے اوراس سلسلہ میں قید ومحن کی تکالیف بھی برداشت کیں۔وہ نہایت پُرجوش خطیب ومقرر تھے، ان کی تقریر کی خصوصیت یہ تھی کہ شروع سے لے کر آخیر تک ایک سکینڈ کے وقفہ کے بغیر اورایک ہی لب و لہجہ سے تقریر کرتے تھے۔ تقسیم کے بعد دوسرے حضرات کی طرح انھوں نے بھی عملی سیاسیات سے ترک تعلق کرلیا تھا اوریوپی اورگجرات کے مختلف مدارس میں درس و تدریس کاکام کرتے رہے۔ نہایت مخلص،بے لوث اورمتواضع بزرگ تھے۔اﷲ تعالیٰ ان کو مغفرت و رحمت کی نوازشوں سے سرفراز فرمائے۔
[دسمبر۱۹۷۵ء]
The history of the business and trade is as old as the history of humanity, itself. Different cultures and regions have their own business ethics throughout the times past. With the rise of globalization, the various sets of business ethics are getting common values and forms. While Islam, being a universal religion, provides guidelines for every aspect of life including trade, commerce and business. Islamic business ethics derive from divine revelation and Sunnah of the Prophet (SAW). Business ethics denotes the behavior of trading entity supposed to follow while interacting with society. The Islamic business ethics take care of the all stake holders from production to consumption including employees, trade agreements, quality standards, environment and social responsibilities. The current paper is aiming to elaborate the business ethics in the light of instructions draw from the Seerah of the Prophet (SAW) in order to provide an insight for humanity to follow them, practically
This study investigated the impact of perceived parental acceptance-rejection on psychological maladjustment among a group of criminals and non-criminals. The independent variables were parental acceptance-rejection, parental control, socioeconomic status, educational background, psychological maladjustment, aggression and low self-esteem. A comparison of personality profiles of prisoners was also measured. The sample comprised of two groups: criminals (N=81) who were selected from the Central Jail, Peshawar and a control group of non-criminals (N=90) consisting of individuals selected from the general population matched with the criminals in terms of socioeconomic status and educational background. A personal data-sheet devised by the researcher was used to record the demographic variables of the respondents. Urdu versions of Adult PARQ: Mother and Father (Short Forms: Riaz, 2011), and Adult PCS: Mother and Father (Short Forms: Riaz, 2011) were administered on participants of both the groups for assessment of their perceived parental acceptance-rejection and perceived parental control, respectively. To make a comparison between personality profiles of criminals and non-criminals, Personality Assessment Questionnaire (Adult PAQ: Riaz, 2011) was administered on all the respondents. It was assumed that criminals will perceive their parents as less warm and affectionate as compared to non-criminals. According to the results, criminals scored high on all the subscales of PARQ, indicating perceived parental rejection as compared to non-criminals, thus supporting our first hypothesis. Furthermore, it was also assumed that there will be significant gender differences in perceived parental warmth among the criminal group. Our findings revealed significant gender difference in perceived maternal warmth/affection, whereas, gender difference in perceived paternal warmth/affection among criminals was not significant. These findings partially supported our second hypothesis. A comparison between PCS scores of both the groups shows that criminals received more permissiveness and less control from their parents as compared to non-criminals. Moreover, our third and fourth hypotheses are supported by PAQ scores which reveal high scores of criminals on hostility and negative self-esteem subscales of PAQ. A comparison of personality profiles of criminals and non-criminals derived from PAQ scores supports hypothesis 5 as it reveals significant difference between the two groups. To elaborate, PAQ scores prove that criminals tend to be significantly high on hostility/aggression, negative self-esteem, negative self-adequacy, emotional instability, emotional unresponsiveness, and negative worldview. Lastly, as total score on PAQ is used as a measure of psychological maladjustment of the respondents (Rohner, 2008), therefore, a comparison of criminals and noncriminals in our study reveals that total PAQ score of the former group is significantly higher than the latter group. These findings clearly demonstrate that the prisoners were significantly high on psychological maladjustment. Thus, our findings lend support to our sixth hypothesis.