سپین اور ہندوستان میں مسلمانوں کے سیاسی زوال کے مشترک اسباب اور اسلامی تعلیمات

The Muslims ruled over Spain and India for many years. They left over behind themselves many signs of art, architecture, culture and the customs of life. The Muslims both in regions set a remarkable art of living which can still be visualized. It reflects a picture of their high potential and advancement but due to some reasonable causes their journey upwards stopped and the other powers dominated them. In this article the various causes of political decline have been analyzed in Islamic perspective.

Solid State Microwave Assisted Synthesis and Anticancer Activitiese of N-Derivatives of 5-Halogeno Substituted Pyrimidine 2, 4 Dione

The present study will report the synthesis of N-derivatives of 5-halogeno substituted pyramiding 2,4-dione by conventional and solid state microwave assisted methods. Derivitization of 5-halogenated pyrimidine, 2, 4 dione give predominately N1and N3- subsituted compounds where R may be the alkyl, aryl, allyl, etc. 5-halogenated pyrimidine 2,4 dione derivatives represent the novel group of compounds having anticancer and antibacterial activities with remarkable effect on medicinal application. The application of solid state microwaves –assisted protocol proved to be of vital importance in term of energy efficiency and designing a solvent-free eco-friendly synthetic route with considerable reduced reaction time, excellent yields with easy work up. High consumption of chemicals for prolonged time has adverse effect on environment. This is the key reason of pursing solvent free i.e. eco-friendly microwaveassisted solid state synthetic route.