سیلاب کی تباہ کاریاں
پانی اللہ تعالیٰ کی ایک نعمتِ عظمیٰ ہے۔ انسان کی زندگی کا دارومدار پانی پر ہے۔ یہ عناصرار بعہ کا ایک اہم جزو ہے۔ ’’اللہ تعالیٰ نے ہر زندہ شے کو پانی سے پیدا فرمایا ہے‘‘ (القرآن) زمین پراگرکسی شے کی فراوانی ہے تو وہ پانی ہے۔ یہ ہر کس و ناکس کی دسترس میں ہے۔ لیکن اللہ تعالیٰ نے ہر شے کے لیے حدود متعین کر دی ہیں۔ اگر وہ اپنی حدود میں رہیں اور کوئی حد ودشکنی نہ کریں تو وہ اللہ تعالیٰ کا ہمارے لیے عطیہ ہیں۔ اسی طرح پانی اگر اپنی حدود میں رہے تو یہ ایک انعام ہے اور اگر یہ حدود سے تجاوز کر لے اور ندی نالوں ، دریاؤں، نہروں اور راجباہوں کے کناروں سے باہر نکل آئے تو طوفان بن جاتا ہے۔ کبھی کبھی انتہائی نفع بخش چیز بھی نقصان دیتی ہے جیسا کہ پانی بعض دفعہ حلق میں اٹک کر موت کا سبب بن جاتا ہے۔
یہی پانی تھا جو گزشتہ دنوں پاکستانی عوام پر قہر بن کر ٹوٹا، عذاب بن کر نازل ہوا، سیلاب کی صورت اختیار کرتا ہوا کئی نوجوانوں کی جوانی لے گیا۔ کئی عورتوں کو بیوہ کر گیا۔ کئی بچوں کو یتیم کر گیا۔ کئی نئی نویلی دلہنیں شب عروسی سے پہلے اپنے سہاگ لٹا بیٹھیں۔ قمقموں سے روشن گھر قبرستان بن گئے۔ کھیت کھلیان صف ہستی سے مٹ گئے۔ گلستان و نخلستان کا وجودختم ہو گیا ،قصر رفیع کھنڈرات کا نمونہ پیش کرنے لگے۔ کسی نے سر پر سہرا سجانا تھا ،کسی نے ہاتھوں پرمہندی لگانی تھی ، اس ناگہانی آفت نے ہر ایک کے ارمانوں پر پانی پھیر دیا۔بقول تائبؔ نظامی:
مفلس یہ خبر سن کے ہی بس ڈوب گیا ہے
سیلاب ابھی اس کے مکاں تک نہیں پہنچا
سیلاب کی تباہی نے پاکستان کو کئی سال پیچھے...
This paper deals with the rights of abandoned children in the context of Pakistani society. The main issue is regarding legal status of such children which results in violation of their rights. Islamic law provides for rules for abandoned children which can be provided as a source for legislation in Pakistan. The paper argues that there is a need to formulate a clear legislation to ensure rights and protection of abandoned children. Currently the laws enacted in Pakistan lack provisions related to abandoned children. On the one hand the solutions like adoption/kafalah should be channelized and regularized and on the other hand serious efforts should be made to create awareness regarding rights of abandoned children among the masses. This is a comparative study which discusses and analyses relevant provisions in Islamic as well as Pakistani law.
The present study has two main objectives. First aim was to develop an indigenous scale to measure moral disengagement among adolescents and the second objective was to find out the predictive relationship among moral disengagement, dark triad and relational aggression among adolescents. Study-I was carried out to develop indigenous scale on moral disengagement among adolescents. The scale of moral disengagement was based on Bandura’s model of moral disengagement.Initially item pool of 90 items was generated by going through literature review based on previous scales developed on Bandura’s model and experts were also consulted to convert different dimensions of moral disengagement into culture relevant behaviors. Item pool of 90 items was turned into 76 items after expert evaluation and pilot testing. For finding highly correlated items in the first and second administration, sample of 284 adolescents between 12 to 19 years of age was selected. Finally, 40 highly correlated items were scrutinized. Factor analysis was carried out on sample of 400 adolescents, selected from different schools and colleges of district Gujrat. Exploratory Factor Analysis resulted into six factors comprising of 26 items (KMO= .8). Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the same structure after deletion of two more items with good model fit indices (CFI= .902, CMIN/DF= 1.782, GFI=.923, AGFI= .901, RMSEA= .044) and six subcategories. Sub categories were labeled accordingly. Alpha reliability for full scale was .80 which indicate that scale is highly reliable.Study-II explored the predictive relationship among moral disengagement and dark triad with relational aggression. A sample of 612 adolescent students with age range 12-19 were selected from different educational institute of Gujrat, Pakistan. Newly developed moral disengagement scale for adolescents (MDSA) (Riaz & Bano, 2018), Dark triad personality scale short version (D3-short; Gul-E-Sehar & Fatimah, 2016) and the Urdu version of diverse adolescent relational aggression scale originally developed by Horton (2010) and translated by Riaz (2014) was used to measure relational aggression. The findings of the present study revealed significant predictive relation of moral disengagement [R2 =.327; F (1,607) = 295.362, p<.01], diffusion and displacement of responsibility sub dimension with relational aggression [R2 =.182; F (1, 608) = 135.060, p<.01],advantageous comparison with relational aggression [R2 =.135; F (1, 608) = 94.823-, p<.01],dehumanization with relational aggression [R2 =.199; F (1, 608) = 151.106, p<.01], ,attribution of blame with relational aggression [R2 =.134; F (1, 608) = 94.374, p<.01],moral justification with relational aggression [R2 =.110; F (1, 608) = 75.088, p<.01], and euphemistic labeling with relational aggression [R2 =.054; F (1, 609) = 34.742, p<.01] The current study also revealed significant predictive relation of Machiavellianism with relational aggression [R2 =. 220; F (1, 607) = 171.340, p<.01], narcissism with relational aggression [R2 =.189; F (1, 607) = 141.753, p<.01] and psychopathy with relational aggression [R2 =.265; F (1, 607) = 218.635, p<.01].Multiple regression analysis was carried out to find out the combined effect of moral disengagement and dark triad on relational aggression among adolescents. Findings revealed significant predictive relation of moral disengagement and machiavellianism with relational aggression [R2 =.423; F (2, 604) = 221.483, p<.01], with Moral disengagement and narcissism [R2 =.407; F (2, 604) = 206.882, p<.01], and with moral disengagement and psychopathy [R2 =.393; F (2, 604) = 195.887, p<.01].The present study supported the predictive relationship of moral disengagement and dark triad with relational aggression. These findings may have implication in the future intervention and prevention procedure for adolescents.