ڈاکٹر سکندر حیات میکن کی تحقیقی و تنقیدی کتاب " ادبی ستارے پر ایک اجمالی نظر ۔۔
وجیہہ ضمیر
تحقیق ایک دقیق کام ہے ۔جس میں ہم پر وہ آشکار ہوتا ہے جو ہم سے مخفی ہوتا ہے یا کسی چیز کی اصل تک پہنچنا یا پھر اس اصل کے قریب قریب تحقیق پہنچا دیتی ہے ۔ قرآن پاک کہتا ہے کہ مفہوم ہے کہ جب فاسق تم تک کوئی خبر لائے تو اس کی خوب تحقیق کر لیا کرو " یعنی غور و فکر کرنا اسلام میں پسند کیا گیا ہے
اگر ایک کام پر تحقیق کی جائے تو ضروری نہیں اس تحقیق سے اخذ شدہ نتائج حتمی ہوں بلکہ ایک موضوع پر ہر پہلو سے الگ مطالب و مفاہیم ہم تک پہنچ سکتے ہیں بلکہ پہلے کی گئی تحقیق سے راہیں ہموار ہوتی ہیں
نت نئے ادبی گوشوں کو متعارف کروانا بعض لوگوں کا جنون ہوتا ہے اور یہ ہی ادب میں کسی کام کرنے کا محرک بھی ہوتا ہے ورنہ ادب میں تو جمود طاری ہو جائے ، ڈاکٹر سکندر حیات میکن کسی تعارف کے محتاج نہیں آپ تحقیق کے معاملے میں ادبی قارئین کے سامنے کوئی نا کوئی پوشیدہ پہلو ڈھونڈ نکالتے ہیں جس کی وجہ سے مختلف محققین اور ادب کے قارئین کے لیے راہیں ہموار ہوتی ہیں ابھی حالیہ ان کا ادبی کارنامہ " ضیا بار افراد کےخطوط " بنام اصغرعلی (علی گڑھ) پر تربیت پایا ہے اور کیا ہی شاندار کھوج نکالا ہے ۔ یہ انسان کی مسلسل اور انتھک کوشش کا نتیجہ ہوتی ہے ۔ وہ شخصیت سازی کو ایک کوزے میں بند کرنا بخوبی جانتے ہیں وہ جانتے ہیں کہ ایک ذندہ شخصیت کو کس تناظر میں بیان کیا جاتا ہے ورنہ بڑے بڑے...
This paper aims a comprehensive investigation to identify the various (love stories) of Hakim Momin Khan Momin. Hakim was a romantic poet. His poetry depicts ideal romance. Hakim Momin Khan Momin was a very much elated person. He faced utter faliar in the art of love. He was fond of Platonic love but he always faced materialistic love from his beloved. He was fed off from the un successful love from his beloved. For romance and true love, he left his educational career incomplete. Hakimi is fond of physical beauty. His poetry mostly consists of modesty and a slight touch of satiation.
Milnacipran HCl is a potential candidate to treat fibromyalgia associated with or without depression like comorbid conditions. The requirements of multiple dosing, absorption in first part of small intestine and fluctuating steady state plasma concentrations of drug have made it a suitable candidate for gastro-retentive sustained release drug delivery system. The utility of chitosan as mucoadhesive and polycaprolactone as hydrophobic polymer was aimed for creation of this matrix delivery system. Modified hot melt granulation with addition of second polymeric solution was opted for preparing optimized blends of acetaminophen. Modified wet granulation technique was utilized to prepare blends of milnacipran with different ratios of polymers. The optimized solutions for formulations containing blends of three polymers and drug with two solvents, i.e., dichloromethane and chloroform was optimized using design of experiment. A simple and sensitive colorimetric method for estimation of milnacipran was developed with ninhydrin to properly estimate drug from dissolution samples at 570 nm wavelength. The optimized blends were characterized for mucoadhesive time and strength using tensiometer, drug release analysis opting HCl buffer pH 1.2 for 12 h, kinetics of drug release and drug excipient compatibility analysis by utilizing FTIR and DSC. The optimized formulations M21-M24 were compared against reference formulation specifications for similarity index (f1 and f2). The optimized formulations were also scaled down containing 30 mg of drug according to weight of animals and were characterized for release parameters, i.e., the time to release certain percentage of drug (T10%-T90%). Different pharmacokinetic parameters were evaluated for M44 formulation using both non-compartment and two compartment model approaches. The best correlation (R2) values of 1 were observed with non-compartment model so parameters calculated were used to establish in-vitro in-vivo II correlation after estimating fractions of milnacipran absorbed/unabsorbed and time to absorb specific concentration of milnacipran using Wagner-Nelson method. The developed analytical method proved sensitive and precise with LOD and LOQ values of 0.55 and 1.667 μg/ml, respectively. Mucoadhesive strength was found as 201.06±16.8 dynes for different formulations with more than 12 h of adhesion time. Drug release studies showed release independent of concentration and was best described by Korsmeyer-Peppas model representing swelling controlled system. The n values of 0.5-0.7 showed dependency of release on both dissolution and diffusion mechanism. There were only physical interactions observed at various positions of IR spectrum with functional groups of polymers and drug were found intact. Thermal studies revealed that milnacipran has sharp melting point of 179.85℃ which was lowered to round about 154.30℃ due to covalent and ionic interactions required to form true blend with polymers. M24 formulation proved best on similarity parameters, i.e., f1=6.09, and f2=72.46, representing true similarity. Cmax, Tmax, and AUC0-∞ calculated for M54 were markedly found different from oral solution (P˂0.05) proving sustained delivery of milnacipran from the formulation blends. Bioavailability of M54 formulation was three fold improved as compared to solution. Level A correlation was established by comparing the above parameters and found R2 were 0.992, 0.9831 and 0.9998. The above results proved that milnacipran might be formulated as mucoadhesive DDS using three polymers opting design of experiment approach and evidenced best on IVIVC. III