جادو کہیڑا سی دس ترے حسن اندر، جیہڑا دل کلیجہ چیر گیا
آیا جو وی تیری جوہ وچوں، اکھاں وچوں وگاوندا نیر گیا
سوئیاں وانگ پلکاں اتے اکھیاں تھیں ڈورے مستی دے پئے مہکدے نیں
ہک وار ڈٹھا جس یار میرا بن زلف دا اوہ اسیر گیا
ہک جھٹ اندر کی ہویا اے لگا پتا نہ مستی دے وچ مینوں
دے جھٹکا کالیاں زلفاں نوں پا زلفاں دی زنجیر گیا
پیا چمکے چہرہ چن وانگوں اتوں ہاسے شوخ نگاہواں دے
جیہڑا دوروں ویکھے ہس آکھے اوہ ویکھو بدر منیر گیا
واہ گجرے درود سلاماں دے پیا دم دم نال ادا کرنا
بن شافع، شافع محشر نوں بخش امت دی تقصیر گیا
نہیں ریساں اوس شہید دیاں جس وطن تے ویٹیا لہو اپنا
اوہنوں مردہ کہو نہ ہے زندہ، بن زندگی دی جاگیر گیا
The issue of the source and origin of Sufism in Islam is a complex one. A number of scholars, since the latter half of the nineteenth century have put forward conflicting claims. Earlier Orientalists thought that a Sufism developed from a single source while the latter scholars think a number of different sources should be considered as origin of Sufism. Both groups agree, however, in maintaining that Sufism is an addition to Islam and did not originally belong to Islam. Different opinions have been presented regarding the true source of Sufism, for example, Persian, Indian, Christian, Jewish and Neo-Platonic philosophies. The present paper intends to refute these charges of external influences on Islamic Sufism and attempts to show that the real origin of Islamic Sufism lies nowhere but in the teachings of the Holy Qur’an, Sunnah of the Prophet (peace be upon him) and lives of the blessed companions of the Prophet (peace be upon him).
The infection of liver is known as hepatitis. It is observed that more than 2
billion people got life-threatening sickness due to HBV and more than 230-300
million people suffered from HCV around the globe. The present study dealt with
200 samples that were collected from rural and urban population of Muzaffarabad
AJ&K. Both male and female genders of 15-70 years of age were included in the
sample collection process. For detection of the presence of virus, initially ICT
method was used for 200 samples. Among them only 11 sample from rural and 29
samples from urban population showed positive results of hepatitis virus B and C.
Those samples were further confirmed for viral DNA and cDNA by using nested
PCR. After performing nested PCR 1 (1%) individual of HBV and 4(4%)
individuals of HCV were found PCR positive from rural and urban population.
During gel electrophoresis the band size 230bp of HBV and 215bp of HCV were
obtained on gel. Furthermore, the phylogenetic analysis was done after gene
sequencing of PCR positive HBV and HCV samples. There were 99% resemblance
of both HBV and HCV DNA sequence to the sequences present in Genbank by
using NCBI Blast. By using MEGA7 program, phylogenetic tree was constructed
and average pair wise mean distance obtained of HBV was 0.0037 and 0.23 of
HCV. Moreover, the statistical analysis of the study showed risk factors assessment
results from different carriers e.g., haircut from barber shops and local clinics. They
gave significant values p=<0.0001 and p=<0.0001 respectively for spread of HBV
and HCV in the studied population. The final results of study showed that the risk
factor of hepatitis virus B and C was higher in urban population rather than in rural
population.