پاكستان مدرسہ ایجوكیشن بورڈ اور علماء كے تحفظات

The ultimate goal of an education system is to produce a better citizen and create a better society. In this regard, it is the responsibility of state to design its education system on sound grounds. In Pakistan, there is dual education system, modern education system and traditional Madrasah system. Modern education system prepares its students on the bases of western education pattern while Maddris develop their students in the light of their own respective schools of thought. Thus, the two educational systems are producing two different categories of graduates, leading to imbalance and intodlerance in the society. To bridge this gap between the two systems and to make the education system harmonious, the government has passed “Pakistan Madrasa ‘h Education Board Ordinance ". Three model Maddris have been set up as a pilot project in Karachi and Sakkar for boys and in Islamabadfor girls. It was supposed to be extended in other cities as well but due to the reservations of Ulamd ' and their bitter opposition, the process did not get due attention among the public. In this paper, the authors will try to bring out the Ulamd’s reservations on "Pakistan Madrasah Education Board” in order to bringforth the policy suggestionsfor the betterment of the program.

Differential Fertility With Special Reference to Social Stratification in Southern Punjab

The human population of world is growing very rapidly and facing a crisis due to over population. In the study of demography, fertility is the most important and perhaps the most complicated aspect than any other aspect of the population. There is a paramount need for the study of components of population growth i.e. fertility, mortality and migration. There is a very sharp reduction in mortality rates and fairly slow declines in fertility rates in Pakistan. This situation presents an alarming vision of the future, because fertility affects the population in variety of ways. So it should be checked so that it would make the country prosperous. The present study “differential fertility with special reference to social stratification” was conducted in Southern Punjab. Three main districts of Southern Punjab Multan, Bahawalpur and Dera Ghazi Khan were selected for the study. Culturally the Southern Punjab is almost the same in nature, but there are too much socio-economic differences between these areas and among the people. Stratified method of sampling was used. The main objectives of the present study were to find out the various socio-economic factors that lead to higher fertility and determine the fertility differential among the various couples according to social stratification. The variation in fertility is caused by various factors such as, educational attainment, economic status, occupation, age, age at the time of marriage, marital period, employment status of woman, religious, race, family structure, health status, etc. These factors are related to each other one being influenced by the other. In the present study 600 respondents were interviewed, the interview schedule technique of data collection was used. The analysis of data was made by using statistical package of social science. Six hypotheses were formulated and five of them were proved and only one hypothesis was disproved.