تصور معذوریت قرآن و سنت کی روشنی میں

The action code of Islam is impartial and strong. All human beings, disabled and abled have the right of gaining justice and bound to giving justice. Because of disableness impartial behavior is against the Islamic justice code. The “good behavior” with disabled persons is the basic law of disableness in Islam. The “good behavior” with disabled persons in Islam is not the result of mercy and pity but is the result of that right of taking equal to the life of common people which is due to the nation and community. Hence the rights of disabled persons are the result of those requirements which are created due to disableness. The meaning which we take conventional is “complete worthlessness” but it means in Islam weak and feeble. That is to say disable person is able to work but he has less ability. Or he has no ability to do one job but has the ability of high rank to do other jobs. The Holy Prophet (Peace be upon him) introduced first time this principle of disableness. The Arabs mean the word “disableness” complete uselessness. But the Holy Quran exempted the persons from Jehad not taking part in Tabuk battle because of disableness giving them the name of feebles. Islam does not appeal for mercy with disabled persons but advised to behave well with them and condemns also the injustice of society with them. Islam orders to perform one’s duties to others. Islam not only stresses on the performance of duties but also gives instructions in this connection.

A Pplications Pplication of E Volutionary C Omputing Ing T Echniques to N on -L Inear S Ystems

This dissertation presents an application of heuristic computational intelligence for the solution of non-linear systems in engineering. The design scheme is comprised of mathematical model based on feed-forward artificial neural network (ANN). The linear combination of these networks defines the unsupervised error for the system. The most suitable weights to minimize the error are obtained by training the networks employing stochastic solvers. These techniques are based on nature inspired heuristics including Pattern Search (PS), Simulated Annealing (SA), Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithms. Rapid local convergent algorithms such as Interior Point (IP) and Active Set (AS) methods are hybridized with these global search techniques. To validate the scheme, a number of linear and non-linear initial and boundary value problems have been solved. The design methodology is also applied to a number of problems having special applications in engineering including, singular systems based on non-linear Lane Emden Fowler equation, non-linear van der Pol oscillator with stiff and non-stiff conditions and systems with high nonlinearity governed by Painlevé transcendent I. In addition to that, the scheme also provides an alternate solution for biomedical application like model of heart for low, high and normal blood pressure. It is found that the proposed results are in good agreement with available exact solution and numerical solvers like Adomian decomposition method, Homotopy Perturbation method, Homotopy analysis method and Optimal Homotopy asymptotic method, ODE15i and Runge Kutta method. The comparative studies of stochastic solvers are carried out under a stringent criterion of accuracy, effectiveness, reliability and robustness of the results based on Monte Carlo simulation and its analysis. The solvers based on SA, PS, GA, PSO, GA and PSO hybrid with IP or AS algorithms are used for optimization of neural network. It is found that the GA-IP, GA-AS, PSO-IP and PSO-AS algorithms are the best stochastic optimizers. The other perk up of the scheme have in its simplicity of the concept, ease in use, efficiency and unlike other numerical techniques, it provides the solution on continuous inputs with finite interval instead of predefine discrete grid of inputs.