طاہر نظامی
طاہر نظامی(۱۹۵۰ئ۔پ) طاہرؔ تخلص کرتے ہیں۔ آپ پسرور میں پیدا ہوئے۔ آپ معروف شاعر خدا بخش مضطرؔنظامی کے بیٹے ہیں۔۱۹۸۲ء میں رائٹرز فورم سیالکوٹ نے آپ کو بہترین شاعر قرار دیا۔ (۱۰۸۰) آپ کی پہلی غزل ماہنامہ ’’حرم‘‘ لاہور میں اور پہلی نظم ’’اردو زبان‘‘ سرگودھا میں شائع ہوئی۔ طاہر کا شعری کلام ’’فنون‘‘،’’اوراق‘‘،’’ادبی دنیا‘‘ ،’’ادبِ لطیف‘‘،’’نیرنگ خیال‘‘،’’نیا دور‘ ‘،’’الفاظ‘‘ ،’’نقش‘‘ اور تحریریں میں شائع ہو چکا ہے۔ ’’بلا جواز‘‘ طاہر کا ایک غیر مطبوعہ شعری مجموعہ ہے۔ زیر ترتیب نمونہ کلام ملاحظہ فرمائیے:
چلوں تو پیچھے سے جیسے کوئی بلائے مجھے
جو مڑ کے دیکھوں تو کچھ بھی نظر نہ آئے مجھے
میں دشمنوں سے بھی ملتا ہوں دوستوں کی طرح
جسے یقین نہیں آتا وہ آزمائے مجھے
تری طلب نے جدا کر دیا ہے خود سے مجھے
میں کیا ہوں، کون ہوں، اتنا کوئی بتائے مجھے(۱۰۸۱)
تتلیاں اڑ جائیں گی جب خوشبوئوں کے شہر کو
کانچ کا گلدان پھولوں سے سجتارہ جائے گا(۱۰۸۲)
محبت سے تہی دامن بشر اچھا نہیں لگتا
مجھے سوکھا ہوا کوئی شجر اچھا نہیں لگتا
مجھے پردیس میں یارِ وطن بے چین رکھتی ہے
مگر جب گھر پلٹتا ہوں تو گھر اچھا نہیں لگتا(۱۰۸۳)
Tulisan ini mengkaji tentang PAI multikultural sebagai model pembelajaran integratif yang memadukan antara ilmu pengetahuan dan agama. Dari aspek konten, multikulturalisme mengkaji keragaman bangsa, suku, warna kulit, bahasa, agama dan keragaman lain yang terbentang dalam realitas sosial kehidupan manusia sebagai ayat-ayat Allah yang bersifat kauniyah. Sedangkan PAI mempelajari normativitas ajaran Islam dan dimensi historis yang banyak termuat dalam al-Qur’an sebagai ayat-ayat Allah yang bersifat qauliyah. Pembelajaran kedua bidang keilmuan tersebut sama-sama sebagai proses pencarian kebenaran yang merujuk kepada Allah sebagai episentrum kebenaran Hakiki dan sumber ilmu pengetahuan. Dari konsep pembelajaran integratif yang dikemukakan pemikir Islam dan Barat, PAI multikultural berada pada pola relasi antardispliner, yaitu integrasi antara ilmu umum dan ilmu agama. PAI multikultural sebagai pembelajaran integratif tergambar pada aspek: tujuan, materi, metode, media dan sumber belajar dan penilaian yang saling terintegrasi dalam membentuk kompetensi beragama peserta didik secara integral, yaitu: keterpaduan antara unsur duniawi dan ukhrawi, antara dimensi spritual dan intelektual, antara ranah personal dan sosial dalam konteks membangun harmoni kehidupan warga sekolah, masyarakat dan bangsa Indonesia yang pluralistik dari segala aspeknya.
Professional development is a continuous and lifelong process of enhancing human performance. The study was conducted to evaluate the professional development of novice teachers in the context of Transformative Learning in Punjab. The study focused on investigating professional development of novice teachers in the areas of teaching methodology, classroom practices and lesson planning skills in the context of Transformative Learning. Another objective of the study was to evaluate the professional development modules for novice teachers according to the views of module developers and to compare the professional development of novice teachers with respect to their designation, academic and professional qualifications. Mixed method approach and sequential exploratory research design was used for this study. In qualitative phase of the study, interviews of master trainers and module developers of professional development program were conducted to elicit their views about professional development. In the quantitative phase, data was collected from novice teachers through structured questionnaire to gain information about transformation, if any, in the areas of lesson planning, teaching methodology and classroom practices. Observations were made to find out transformations among novice teachers as manifested in classrooms. The targeted population of this study comprised of 78,092 Novice Educators, 176 master trainers and 20 module developer of the professional development program. Through multi stage sampling technique, 1,036 trained teachers from eight selected districts of Punjab province, 10 module developers and 35 master trainers were selected as sample. Research instruments comprised two structured interview schedules for master trainers and module developers and a questionnaire and an observation check list for novice teachers. The responses of master trainers and module developers were analyzed qualitatively in light of the objectives. Data obtained through checklist and questionnaire was analyzed through one way ANOVA and independent sample t-test. It was found that a positive change occurred in lesson planning skills, teaching methodology and classroom practices of novice teachers. Module developers provided activities for Transformative Learning. It was concluded that there was no significant difference in the mean scores of novice teachers regarding professional development in the areas of lesson planning skills with respect to their designation and professional qualification. It was also concluded that there was no significant difference in the mean scores of novice teachers regarding professional development in the area of teaching methodology with respect to their designation and academic qualification. Novice Elementary School Educators and bachelor degree holder teachers were performing better in the area of classroom practices. Bachelor degree holder novice teacher were also performing better than master degree holders in the area of lesson planning .The study recommends launching lesson planning improving program for existing teachers. It is recommended for School Education Department to introduce latest classroom practices to other tiers of teachers. It is recommended for Directorate of Staff Development/Quaid-e-Azam Academy for Educational Development to work on transformation of traditional teaching methodologies to innovative teaching methodologies for all other teachers at all educational levels.