Exploring the Prevalence of Long-Covid and its Factors among Post-Covid Survivors of Karachi

Long COVID or post-COVID problems are long-term effects of COVID-19 infection that certain people who have contracted the virus can experience. This may result in having persistent symptoms for 3 months or more, such as those who had tiredness, malaise, changed smell and taste, dyspnea, and cognitive deficits three or more months after their initial COVID-19 diagnosis. However, some people may still have inferior work performance and a lower quality of life due to the long COVID episodes. From October 2021 to April 2022, cross-sectional research was conducted in Karachi, utilizing an electronic questionnaire to record sociodemographic data, current comorbidities, and previous episodes of acute COVID-19, post-COVID symptoms, and job performance among COVID survivors. The study's findings revealed that more than 35% of individuals surveyed claimed to have had COVID symptoms for six weeks or more, with approximately 20% to 30% of those reporting frequent coughing and appetite loss. Planning prevention, rehabilitation, and clinical treatment need an awareness of long-term COVID and its related components in order to maximize recovery and long-term COVID-19 outcomes.   DOI: https: //doi. Org/10.59564/amrj/01.01/007

Comparison Between Diabetic Patients and Hepatitis B and C by Clinical Metabolic Investigations

In Diabetic syndrome, function of heart and liver are commonly affected, causing the worsening of these patients and hence, additional drugs apart from diabetic treatment are given to these patients. However, these drugs cause additional complication promoting many side effects. This thesis is composed of determining the metabolic abnormalities in the diabetic patients with the complications of hypertension and liver cirrhosis. In addition this study is furthered on diabetic patients with hepatitis B or C. In all these patients, the association of most important blood enzymes, such as (1) aspartate aminotransferase (AST) or, (2) Serum Oxaloacetate Transaminase (SGOT), (3) alanine aminotransferase (ALT) or (4) Serum Glutamate Pyruvate Transaminase (SGPT), (5) creatinine phosphokinase (CPK), (6) lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and (7) alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) are studied. Some of the most important metals such as iron, zinc, copper and magnesium and their overall impact on oxidative stress are also determined. My hypothesis in diabetic patients a complete picture of metabolic abnormalities could be obtained, if enzymes conventionally with liver, and heart dysfunction, are studies, total protein, albumin, creatinine, urea, uric acid, total cholesterol, and triglyceride levels are monitored; the role and anti oxidant activity of magnesium, zinc, copper is studied. This study was conducted one diabetes mellitus, hypertension, liver cirrhosis, diabetes with hypertension, diabetes with liver cirrhosis hepatitis B, hepatitis C, diabetes with hepatitis B, and diabetes with hepatitis C,. The purpose of my study is to see the changes in enzyme activities related to metabolism and the variation in metal contents with particular reference to Fe, Cu, Zn and Mg including the ant oxidative activity in diabetic patients with and without complications. This will assist the pharmacists to design a new chemotherapeutic, drugs, and for the physicians, to treat the patients with different complications effectively.