پرنس کائتانی ؍ پروفیسر گویدی ؍ پروفیسر اسنوک ہرخردنئے
امسال مرحوم مارما ڈیوک پکتھال کے علاوہ ن کو ہم سب جانتے تھے، کئی نامور مستشرقین نے وفات پائی، اٹلی کے پرنس کائتانی اور پروفیسر گویدی اور لائڈن کے پروفیسر اسنوک ہر خردنئے نے امسال ہماری دنیا کو الوداع کیا، پرنس کائتانی تاریخ اسلام کے عالم اور گویدی عربوں کے ریاضیات اور جغرافیہ کے ماہر اور اسنوک ہر خردنئے ’محمڈنزم‘ نامی کتاب کے مصنف ہیں جس کو انھوں نے خطبہ کی صورت میں امریکہ کی ’’مجلسِ تاریخِ مذاہب‘‘ میں پیش کیا تھا اور بھی دوسری کتابیں اور مضامین ان کے قلم سے نکلے تھے۔ (سید سلیمان ندوی، اکتوبر ۱۹۳۶ء)
E-Commerce competition is becoming increasingly attractive in the world of online shopping, it requires a special strategy in order to compete competitively, E Commerce Shoope performs a Twin Date Event Strategy, Flash Sale, and Free Shipping Cost, Population in this study amounts to 100 people using purposive sampling methods. Based on the results of this study, Twins Date Events, Flash Sale and Free Shipping have influenced purchasing decisions both partially and simultaneously. The results of the Determination Coefficient show that the magnitude of the influence of both free variables together on the bound variable is 54.7% and the remaining 45.3% is another variable not studied. Future research could delve into these unexplored variables to provide a more comprehensive understanding of what drives purchasing decisions in the e-commerce sector. Understanding these additional factors could further assist e-commerce platforms like Shoope in refining their marketing strategies, ensuring they not only attract but also retain customers in a highly competitive market.
Impact of training and development practices on leadership skills of middle managers: a comparative study is
the title of this thesis. The objective of this research study was to show the relationship of training and
development practices and improvement of leadership skills of middle managers of chosen organizations in
comparison. To conduct this study, response was collected from the 60 middle managers of Pakistan
International Airlines, Descon Engineering Limited, ICl/Akzonobel Chemicals, Pakistan Telecommunication
Company Limited, Allied bank Limited and National Bank of Pakistan, working in Lahore, where an established
HR department and training and development practices were prevailing.
To conduct the research both primary as well as secondary data was collected. The main focus of the research
was on primary data, 6 informal interviews as well as questionnaires were used. Descriptive statistics
techniques, graphs and bivariate correlation analysis by using SPSS were applied on the data collected through
questionnaires and informal interviews.
The conclusion revealed from the study is that training and development practices improved the leadership
skills of the employees as it built confidence of recognition and made middle managers clearer of their
objectives and customs of work in their organization to lead their colleagues fairly and with full devotion. But
the fluctuation in results of different organizations came because of execution patterns of training, corporate
culture, globalized culture pressures, morale, and willingness of employees to learn. Therefore, both training
as well as fair development practices are important for the improvement of leadership skills in middle
managers.