ام المومنین حضرت سودہ ؓ
حضرت سودہ ؓ کے والد کا نام زمعہ اور والدہ کا نام شموس بنت قیس تھا ۔ آپ کے نانا قیس نبی پاکﷺ کے پردادا حضرت ہاشم کی بیوی ام سلمیٰ کے بھائی تھے ۔ ان کا تعلق مدینہ کے قبیلہ بنو نجار سے تھا ۔ حضرت سودہ ؓ کی پہلی شادی چچا زاد سکران بن عمرو(سقران) سے ہوئی ۔ حضرت خدیجہ ؓ کے انتقال کے بعد گھر کے انتظام کرنے میں تبدیلی آئی ۔ نگہداشت کرنے والا بچیوں کے لیے نہیں تھا ۔ دو چھوٹی بچیاں ام کلثوم اور حضرت فاطمہ ؓ تھیں ۔ حضرت خولہ ؓ نے خود کو آنحضرت ﷺ کی خدمت کے لیے مخصوص کر رکھا تھا ۔ انہوں نے ایک دن ادباََ درخواست کی کہ آپ شادی کر لیں ۔ آپ ﷺ نے فرمایا ! کس سے ؟ حضرت خولہ ؓ نے کہا ایک بیوہ سودہ بنت زمعہ اور ایک کنواری حضرت عائشہ ؓ بنت ابو بکر صدیق ؓ ہے ۔ آپ نے فرمایا ’’ دونوں کے لیے پیغام لے جائو ‘‘ ۔ بالآخر دونوں یکے بعد دیگرے آپ ﷺ کے عقد میں آئیں ۔
اعتراض نمبر۱۰۳
حضرت سودہ ؓ کو بوڑھی ہونے کے سبب آپ ﷺ نے طلاق دے دی ۔
جواب: عبدالدائم دائم ( سید الوریٰ ۔۳۔۳۷۸۔۳۷۷) فرماتے ہیں ’’ بعض کتب میں مذکور ہے کہ جان دو عالم ﷺ نے ان کو طلاق کہلا بھیجی ۔ حضرت سودہ ؓ کو حد سے زیادہ قلق ہوا اور وہ اس راہ پر بیٹھ گئیں جس سے آپ ﷺ حضرت عائشہ ؓ کے پاس آیا جایا کرتے تھے ۔ جب آپ نے جان دو عالم ﷺ کو دیکھا تو عرض کی ! میں آپ کو اس ذات کو واسطہ دیتی ہوں اور پوچھتی ہوں ، جس نے آپ پر کتاب اتاری اور اپنی...
“This Quran has been revealed in seven different ways; so, recite it in the way that is easier for you.” This hadith is Recurrent in meaning. The narrator Imam Abu Ubaid Qasim Bin Salam (R.A) has elucidated its recurrence. Imam Abn-e- Jouzi (R.A) has collected all its ways in a Journal. What is meant by “Seven Words” in this Hadith? It has been a controversial point among the ulemas and scholars. And no doubt, it has been regarded as the most difficult debate of Uloom-ul- Quran. There have been severe controversies in this regard, so far as Allama Ibn-e - Arabi has mentioned thirty-five sayings. Some of them are as following:
Some think these are the ways of recitations of seven famous Qaries.
Some think that it means all the ways of recitations. But “Seven” does not means the number 07, because in Arabic language, it is used to describe the plenty of something. Qazi Ayyaz from Earleir Ulemas had the same opinion, while in the later period; Shah Wali-Ullah also had the same views.
Some think that it means seven dialects of Arab Tribes. Imam Abu Hatim Sajestani (R.A) determined the name of these languages. They are Quraish, Hazial, Teem, Al-Rubab, Azd, Rabbia, Hawazan, and Saad bin Abi-Bakar. Hafiz Abn-e- Jareer Tibri (R.A) agreed to this school of thought. The fourth famous saying is that of Imam Tehavi (R.A.) he says that although he Holy Quran has been revealed in the dialect of Quraish. But it was difficult for the people of other tribes, which came of different areas of Arab. That is why, in the beginning, they were permitted to recite the Holy Quran in their local languages, and the words or ways were determined by the holy prophet (P.B.U.H) himself. Later, it was prohibited. There remained only the one way of recitation in which the holy Quran was revealed. HAzrat Sufian bin Aiena (R.A), Abn-e-Wahab (R.A) and Hafiz Ibn-e- Abdul Bar (R.A) agreed to this opinion.
Famous interpreter Allama Nizamul Din Nishapori (R.A) says that it means the following differences in the recitation.
Differences between Singular and Plurals
Differences between Muscular and Feminine
Differences of the causes of Araabs
Differences of Morphology (Formation of Words)
Differences of syntax (Sentence Structure)
Differences of the ways which changes words
Differences of dialects
Allama Abn-e- Qutaiba, (R.A), Imam Razi Qazi (R.A) and Abu Bakar(R.A) and Abn-e Aljuzri (R.A) also adopted this saying of Allama Nisahpuri.(R.A).
Computationally efficient architectures of multirate recursive filters are presented in this thesis. An analytical transformation is introduced that converts an IIR filter into an efficient decimation/interpolation filter. The transformation is named as merged delay transformation. This transformation is applicable to first order and second order recursive difference equations. The transfer function of the transformed filter is expressed in the form of H(z M ) so that noble identity of multirate signal processing may be invoked. An N th order filter is required to be implemented in parallel using first order and second order sections. In case of decimation, a down sampler follows an anti-aliasing filter. With the help of merged delay transformation, the filter is transformed and arranged to provide filtering and down sampling in the same stage. This is possible if the filter is implemented in parallel form. Architecture is introduced where down samplers and delays are arranged on the input side. A commutator switch model operating at an M-times higher rate than the output can replace the input down samplers with successive delays. This results in M-to-1 sample rate reduction without changing the filter characteristics. The frequency response and stability of the filter is not disturbed. In case of interpolation, an up sampler precedes an anti-imaging filter. Using merged delay transformation we are able to arrange the up samplers after the sub-filters in parallel paths with successive delays. The up samplers and delays are implemented by a commutator switch model operating at L-times faster rate EFFICIENT ARCHITECTURAL TRANSFORMATION OF MULTIRATE RECURSIVE FILTERS Ph.D Thesis UET, Taxila. 2008 12than the input. Output sampling rate is increased by L and 1-to-L interpolation is achieved. The stability and filter characteristics are unchanged. Filtering and sample rate changes are achieved in the same stage. This avoids the chain of integrators and differentiators as required in a variety of cascade integrator comb (CIC) architectures. Computational costs in terms of number of multiplies per output sample are compared with polyphase FIR structures and IIR structures. The cost reduction increases with increasing values of M or L. For M = 10, the reduction in cost is 82.64% as compared to FIR decimation filters. As compared to IIR structures, the reduction of the order of 48% is achieved. In case of interpolation, the cost reduction is of the order of 45% as compared to polyphase IIR structures. The reduction in cost is about 68% as compared to polyphase FIR. The transformed filters are implemented in Verilog HDL and mapped to an FPGA of Spartan-II technology. Parallel implementation of the filters provides benefits of parallel processing. Increased throughput and less hardware requirement are the important characteristics of this architecture. The technique is expected to find wide use in multirate signal processing such as efficient sample rate conversion from CD’s to Digital Audio Tape and Digital Transmitter/Receivers