ڈاکٹر سید محمد فاروق بخاری
مئی کے آخر یا جون کے شروع میں جناب شوکت حسین کینگ مدیر ماہنامہ الاعتقاد سری نگر کے ایک مکتوب سے یہ معلوم کر کے بڑا دُکھ اور سخت افسوس ہوا کہ ریاست کشمیر کے مشہور صاحبِ علم و قلم پروفیسر ڈاکٹر سید محمد فاروق بخاری طویل علالت کے بعد ۱۹؍ ذی الحجہ ۱۴۱۷ھ؍ ۲۷؍ اپریل ۱۹۹۷ء کو رحلت فرماگئے، یہ اطلاع خود ہی تاخیر سے ملی تھی اور باوجود کوشش کے جون کے معارف میں ان پر نوٹ شایع کرنے کی گنجائش نہیں نکلی۔
بخاری صاحب کی عمر ابھی زیادہ نہ تھی اور ان سے بڑی توقعات وابستہ تھیں مگر موت کا وقت معین ہے، اس میں تقدیم و تاخیر نہیں ہوتی، فاروق صاحب ۲۷؍ جون ۱۹۴۹ء کو پیدا ہوئے تھے، ان کا خاندان علمی، دینی اور روحانی فضیلت کا حامل تھا، ان کے والد بزرگوار مولانا سید محمد قاسم بخاری کو جو ابھی خدا کے فضل سے بقید حیات ہیں مولانا مفتی کفایت اﷲ دہلوی سے شرف تلمذ حاصل تھا۔ موصوف انجمن تبلیغ الاسلام جموں و کشمیر کے صدر اور حنفی عربی کالج سری نگر کے بانی مہتمم ہیں، کشمیر کے اس بخاری خانوادے کانسبی سلسلہ حضرت شیخ عبدالقادر جیلانی سے ملتا ہے مولانا سید عطاء اﷲ شاہ بخاری بھی اسی خاندان کے چشم و چراغ تھے۔
ڈاکٹر مولوی فاروق بخاری کی تعلیم کی ابتدا کشمیر میں ہوئی اور کشمیر یونیورسٹی ہی سے انہوں نے مولوی فاضل کیا، لیکن عربی میں ایم۔اے اور پی۔ایچ۔ڈی کی ڈگری علی گڑھ مسلم یونیورسٹی سے حاصل کی۔ موصوف کا خاص مشغلہ درس و تدریس تھا اور اب وہ امر سنگھ کالج سری نگر میں شعبۂ عربی کے ہیڈ آف ڈپارٹمنٹ تھے۔ لیکن تصنیف و تالیف کا بھی ان کو اچھا ملکہ تھا۔ کشمیر کی علمی، ادبی، ثقافتی اور مذہبی تاریخ ان کا خاص موضوع...
This paper would like to descripte the characteristics of learning that focused on the learners, the benefits, the weaknesses and the steps of its use to achieve the goal of learning Arabic. Learning model is an important part which is understood by every Arabic teacher to be able to present the condition of learning that is always fun for learners. An effective model for learning in Arabic is the learning model that concentrated to student. The use of this learning model is believed to be able to improve the four competencies of Arabic learners, namely the ability to speak, write, read and hear. For this reason, an Arabic teacher must understand the various variants of an effective learning model which centered on the learning potential of students in order to present the materials in an enjoyable. Therefore, it is important for any Arabic teacher to change the teacher-centered paradigm which is conventional teaching towards a modern learning paradigm which centered to the creative ability of students during the Arab learning proccess. The use of learning models which focused to learners in Arabic learning should be supported by teacher innovation that can empower learners to be active during learning. In addition, the teacher seeks to construct the latest Arabic material by utilizing the technology media relevant to the progress of the global education world, especially in learning Arabic as the language of the Islamic world and religious language.
In the present era characterized by uncertain market conditions, mounting competition, spiraling diversity and mobility of workers, and increasing customer power, organizations should strive for achieving a lasting competitive advantage. It is believed that unless organizations focus on creativity and innovation, they cannot compete effectively and earn economic returns. The dynamic organizations like advertising agencies are especially required to be creative and innovative in order to lead, grow and compete. These organizations have mostly implemented bureaucratic control practices, such as formalization and centralization, to regulate and control the behaviors of workers. Prior research indicates that these bureaucratic practices stifle creativity and innovation. The paradox between bureaucracy, creativity and innovation has created a challenging situation for the managers in advertising agencies. The main objective of the study was to empirically investigate the impact of organizational bureaucracy on employee creativity and organizational innovation in the advertising agencies of Pakistan. Data for this study was collected through surveys distributed to a sample of 455 employees from the advertising agencies of Pakistan. Various techniques were applied to statistically analyze the data and test the hypotheses. Findings from statistical analyses indicate that organizational bureaucracy and its components, formalization and centralization; have a negative impact on employee creativity and organizational innovation. Also, creativity has a positive impact on innovation. Besides, the results of the indirect hypotheses support the postulation that creativity mediates the relationship between bureaucracy and organizational innovation in the context of advertising agencies of Pakistan. The study not only makes important theoretical contributions, but also presents valuable insights to the managers of the advertising agencies of Pakistan. Findings strengthen the nature of control-creativity paradox indicating that excessive bureaucratic control in organizations leads to reduced creativity and innovation. In addition, findings suggest that managers and policy makers should take into account the flexibility in administrative controls to encourage creativity and innovation in order to gain a competitive edge in the turbulent environment.