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Third Order Nonlinear Susceptibility and Related Processes

Thesis Info

Author

Mirza Sohail Baig

Department

Deptt. of Physics, QAU.

Institute

Quaid-i-Azam University

Institute Type

Public

City

Islamabad

Province

Islamabad

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Page

60

Subject

Physics

Language

English

Other

Call No: DISS/- PHY/03

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2023-01-24 21:34:06

ARI ID

1676715687391

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ڈاکٹر سید محمود

ڈاکٹر سید محمود
افسوس ہے کہ ملک و ملت کی وہ شمع جو ایک عرصہ سے جھلملا رہی تھی، ہمیشہ کے لیے خاموش ہوگئی اور ڈاکٹر سید محمود صاحب نے ۲۸؍ ستمبر کی صبح کو اس جہاں فانی کو الوداع کہا، ڈاکٹر صاحب جیسی جامع اوصاف شخصیتیں کم پیدا ہوتی ہیں، ان میں مذہب و سیاست، علم و فن اور تہذیب و شرافت کا نہایت متناسب اجتماع تھا، شرافت اور وضعداری کا تو مجسم پیکر تھے، آخر کے چند برسوں کو چھوڑ کر جب وہ بالکل معذور ہوگئے تھے، ان کی پوری زندگی ملک و وطن اور قوم وملت کی خدمت میں گزری، وہ ابتدا سے کانگریسی اور پنڈت جواہر لال نہرو کے پرانے رفیق تھے، ان دونوں کے تعلقات اتنے عزیزانہ تھے کہ ڈاکٹر صاحب پنڈت جی کے گھر کے ایک فرد سمجھے جاتے تھے، جنگ آزادی میں ان کے دوش بدوش حصہ لیا، اور ان کے ساتھ قید و بند کی مصیبتیں جھیلیں، آزادی کے بعد صوبہ بہار کے راجیہ سبھا کے ممبر تھے، پھر مرکزی حکومت میں وزیر مملکت برائے امور خارجہ ہوئے، چند سال پہلے تک راجیہ سبھا کے ممبر تھے پھر اپنی معذوریوں کی وجہ سے اس سے بھی الگ ہوگئے تھے ان کا آخری کارنامہ مجلس مشاورت کا قیام ہے، اس کو انھوں نے ہندو مسلم اتحاد، ان دونوں کے درمیان غلط فہمیوں کے ازالہ اور ملک و ملت کی مشترک خدمت کے لیے قائم کیا تھا، اور ابتدا میں بڑی سرگرمی سے اس کے کاموں میں حصہ لیا، اور ضعف پیری کے باوجود ملک کے مختلف حصوں کا دورہ کیا جس کا ملک کی فضا پر بہت اچھا اثر پڑا، لیکن پھر مجلس مشاورت کی پالیسی میں بعض ارکان سے اختلاف کی بنا پر اس سے الگ ہوگئے، وہ چند دنوں سے شیعہ سنی اتحاد کی کوشش میں تھے۔
وہ...

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Formative Assessment Classroom Techniques and Their Influence on the Instructional Practices of Primary School Mathematics Teachers

Formative assessment (FA) successfully provides information for teachers to alter their instructional practices. However, experience suggests that teachers in general and mathematics teachers in particular lack the knowledge about FA, its use in classrooms and primarily use summative assessments (SA). The following study is the result of a Collaborative Action Research (CAR) between an M.Ed student from a private university and an in-service primary mathematics teacher at a reputed school in Karachi, Pakistan. The study aimed to explore the influence of Formative Assessment Classroom Techniques (FACTs) on the Instructional Practices (IP) of the teachers. Grade five of that school served as the data collection site. Answers to the following questions were sought a) What are a grade 5 mathematics teacher’s perceptions about assessment?; b) What are the current assessment practices (formative) and instructional practices of a grade 5 mathematics teacher?; c) What are the changes in instructional practices of grade 5 mathematics teachers as a result of using FACTs?; and, d) What are the facilitating and challenging factors while implementing FACTs in the classroom? Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, classroom teaching and observations, and the teachers’ reflections. The first cycle began mainly with FACTs that the teacher was unintentionally using. The second and the third cycles consisted of two FACTs each. However, FACTs in the third cycle focused on mathematical concepts. The findings of the study confirmed that FACTs helped teachers to alter their IPs in a way that enhanced student learning. It was also found that despite participating in relevant training a teacher could lack knowledge about FA in theory. Furthermore, the participant teacher found FA fruitful and tried to legitimize the use of it in her class by calling it a bridge for SA. The findings of the study imply that professional development for teachers should focus on an FA component as well. Moreover, FACTs ought to be introduced in the National Curriculum for Mathematics in general and the schools assessment policy in particular.