البنوك الإسلامية ودورها في الاقتصاد التركي

Within the global financial system, Islamic banks have a small but growing share, and today they have become an integral part of the global financial system. Islamic banks in the world have been operating according to interest-free financing techniques, which are mainly developed on sharing of profits and losses in accordance with the difference principles between purchase and sale. However, the presentation of financial products in Turkey is conducted by ‘participation banks’ operating according to Islamic rules. Participation banks play a vital role in economic development by gaining the unused funds to the economy. This study will examine the performance of the participation banks operating in Turkey and their increasing share in the Turkish finance sector will be assessed. The work sheet will contain three demands: First: Islamic banks and the difference between them and the definition of riba-based banks. Second: The history of Islamic banks in Turkey. Third: The role of Islamic banks in the sustainable development of the Turkish economy.

Performance of Ci Engine in Dual Fuel Mode Using Vegetable Oils

The problem of unavailability of conventional fuels and pollution is becoming a serious issue day by day. Many countries have been looking for alternative energy resources to substitute petroleum. Vegetable oil can be one of the alternatives which can be used as fuel in automotive engines. Changing the chemistry of fuel by adding the vegetable oil or completely replacing the traditional fuels by the vegetable oil is being experimented. Vegetable oils such as mustered oil, sunflower oil, cotton seed oil, canola oil, peanut oil, coconut oil, and waste vegetable oil have been considered as alternative fuels for CI Engines. Kinematic viscosity, specific gravity, cetane number, and pour and cloud points of these oils are much higher than those of diesel. Therefore, such oils, in pure or blended form, cannot be used as fuel in engines for long run. In this study, oils from various feedstocks have been transesterified due to which their specific gravity and kinematic viscosity were decreased and pour and cloud points were increased. The chemical and physical properties of chemically modified oils, called biodiesel or methyl ester, were tested in accordance with ASTM D6751 and found comparable to those of diesel. The engine performance and emissions were evaluated using biodiesel in pure and blended form and it was concluded that a blend of 20% waste vegetable oil methyl ester and 80% diesel (W20) could be successfully used as an alternative fuel, in CI engine. Although higher brake specific fuel consumption of W20 was observed, yet the fuel was found to be environmental friendly. Reduced amount of THC and CO were found in the exhaust emissions of the engine. However, level of NO x was increased. To reduce NO x , certain modifications in the fuel injection system of the engine were made and results were obtained by running the engine using W20 fuel. The experimental results showed that engine performance was not much affected and engine emitted lower amount of NO x , without much affecting THC, and CO emissions.