تمھاری آنکھوں میں دلبری کے ہیں رنگ سارے فضا سے کہنا
تمھارے گالوں کے رنگ فطرت کے ہیں نظارے فضا سے کہنا
تمھارے گیسو ہیں دھوپ چھائوں کو رات کرتے، حیات کرتے
ہیں لب تمھارے کہ رات موسم کے فجر تارے ، فضا سے کہنا
تمھارے ہونے سے زندگی ہے تمھارے ہونے سے ہر خوشی ہے
تمھارے ہونے سے موسموں میں بھی ہیں نظارے، فضا سے کہنا
توُ اے پری وش! ہے خوشبو، بادل، دھنک سراپا، ہمہ گلستاں
تمھارے ہونے سے رنگ و بو میں ہیں حسن سارے، فضا سے کہنا
تو خوابِ ہستی کا ہے نظارہ، تو میرے ہونے کا استعارہ
ہے زندگانی ہماری جیسے ہوں دو کنارے فضا سے کہنا
میں پاس آکر بکھر بھی جائوں تو بڑھ کے مجھ کو سمیٹ لینا
یہ خواب پہلو امنگ کے ہیں مچلتے دھارے فضا سے کہنا
The comprehension of the message of the Holy Qur’ān is obligatory for the whole of humanity which is revealed in the Arabic language. Scholars all over the world, Muslims as well as non-Muslims have devoted their best efforts to translate the word of Allah Almighty in different languages of the world, although absolute translation is not possible. These translations from Arabic to other languages of the world result into pragmatic losses. Small wonder, these pragmatic losses cause problems in the process of understanding the actual message of the Holy Qur’ān enshrined in the source text. This study was conducted to analyze the pragmatic losses in the English translations of Sūrah Ikhlāṣ (chapter 112) through a comparative pragma-linguistic analysis. Three different translations have been selected for the study. A comparative and critical study of these translations has established the presence of certain pragmatic losses which are likely to bear upon the comprehension of the reader in more than one way. To the researchers, the presence of these losses calls for the greater sensitivity towards and understanding of the pragmatic aspects of interlingual translation, specifically for a text which in its primordial form was intended to be a Speech (Kalām). To retain the pragmatic value and meaning of the source text become all the more paramount when the text translated is sacred one with its own canonical conventions and discursive norms.
Background: Preterm birth continues to be a significant contributor to neonatal mortality and morbidity despite diverse unique interventional strategies. There is need for better understanding of differences and influences of the now characterized vaginal microbiome on terminal inflammatory effects in the uterine microenvironment in term and preterm labour to improve on current strategies. How the existence of a postulated placenta microbiome also affects this understanding should be considered.
Objectives: The aim of this study was to explore the association between the maternal vaginal microbiota and placental inflammatory lesions in preterm labour and to determine the presence of a placenta microbiome.
Methods: In this nested study, we enrolled 36 case and control placentas in a 1:1 ratio matched for age and parity from women delivering preterm between 26 to 36 weeks gestation. The profile of bacteria in the vaginal tract and placenta was characterized and compared through 16S rRNA sequencing. All histologic inflammatory lesions were graded and staged as per recommended latest consensus guidelines on reporting placental lesions.
Results: Preterm placentas were associated with greater rates of inflammation (43.3%) compared to term placentas (23.3%). Acute histologic chorioamnionitis accounted for the greatest proportion with higher rates in preterm (33.3%) than term placentas (6.67%). Placenta microbial samples had a sequence read success rate of only 5.7% bearing similarity to oral, environmental and vaginal tract bacteria.
Conclusion: (1) Acute histologic chorioamnionitis was associated with preterm labour. (2) There is lack of evidence to support the existence of a placenta microbiome.