آہ! ابو الحسنات ندوی
ہمارے لئے یہ کتنا غم ناک سانحہ ہے کہ آج ہمارا قلم اس کا ماتم کرے جس کا قلم کل تک قوم و ملت کا ماتم گسار تھا، ۱۲؍ ربیع الثانی ۱۳۴۳ھ کا واقعہ ہے کہ مولوی ابوالحسنات ندوی نے اس عالم آب و گل کو خیرباد کہا، وہ ہماری کوششوں اور ندوہ اور دارالمصنفین کی تعلیم و تربیت کی سب سے بڑی کمائی تھے، ان کی موت نے ہماری علمی مجلس کو وہ صدمہ پہنچایا ہے جس کی تلافی شاید آخر وقت تک نہ ہوسکے، اب جب دن آئے تھے کہ وہ ملک و قوم کی دماغی و ذہنی رہبری کرسکیں تو یک بیک دستِ قضانے ہم سے وہ ہمارا بڑا سرمایہ چھین لیا، جس سے ہم بڑی توقع رکھتے تھے۔
مولوی ابوالحسنات ایک نہایت ہی ذہین، طباع اور بلند حوصلہ نوجوان تھے، (پٹنہ کے ضلع میں اشرف پوران کا وطن تھا، ابتدائی تعلیم اپنے وطن ہی میں حاصل کی، مجھ سے ان کی ملاقات ۱۹۱۲ء میں الہلالؔ کلکتہ میں ہوئی، میں نے ان کو جوہر قابل پاکر خود پڑھانا شروع کیا، جب کلکتہ چھوڑا تو انہیں لکھنؤ ندوہ میں بھجوا دیا۔ جہاں انہوں نے چند سال تعلیم پائی) ندوہ کی تعلیم کے بعد ۱۹۱۸ء میں وہ دارالمصنفین آئے اور آخر دم تک ان کا رشتہ اس علمی مجلس سے بندھا رہا۔ یہاں رہ کہ انہوں نے جو علمی مضامین لکھے ہیں وہ تاریخی حیثیت سے ہمیشہ یادگار اور قابل مطالعہ رہیں گے، تحریک خلافت کے سلسلہ میں ان کے مضامین نے خاص اہمیت حاصل کرلی تھی اور وہ ’’ترک و خلافت‘‘ کے نام سے کتابی صورت میں شائع ہوگئے تھے، اس کے علاوہ ہندوستان کے اسلامی مدارس پر ایک پُراز معلومات مبسوط مضمون لکھا تھا، جسے وکیل امرتسر شائع کرنے والا ہے، اس کے ساتھ ہی اورنگ زیب...
Dr. Najib Al- Kailani (1931-1995) is one of the prominent poet and writer of Arabic literature. The multidimensionality of his personality is rare example of the history of Islamic literature. He was a renowned poet, writer, a medical professional, a thinker and overall a great human being. He laid the foundation of the Islamic literature and introduced a sound methodology. His precious literary works in Arabic and Islamic school of thought made his personality more prominent. He not only discusses the issues and challenges faced by Egyptian Muslims but also covers the whole Islamic world and as well as those Muslims who are in minority in their countries. His literary works are a good source of knowledge for not only the general readers but for the intellectuals and writers as well. Research works are being carried out on different dimensions of his personality in different ways by the different universities in the world. Research articles and discussions are being carried out and conferences are also organized in different Arab countries in the memory of Dr Najib Al-Kailani. Kailani was paid rich tributes by Arab writers and thinkers for his unique wealth of literary works. In this article we present the views of Arabian writers about his literary status.
Interferon, one of the very powerful components of the immune system, are cytokines in nature, produced and secreted by virtually all eukaryotic cells in response to stimulation by certain viruses, bacteria, antigens and mitogens; they mediate their biological activity by binding to specific receptors on the cell surface and modify cell differentiation and exhibit immunoregulatory activity. Interferon mainly classified as alpha, beta and gamma, based on their common genomic location, structural similarities and competition for binding to the same receptor. The development of recombinant interferon embodied profound hope for the cure of many debilitating and potentially fatal diseases. Various recombinant interferons currently dominate the annual market and are approved to treat many chronic viral diseases as well as a variety of cancers and different types of leukemia. The only type of interferon produced commercially is alpha. The production of interferon alpha from microbial to mammalian expression system, have certain precincts in terms of cost, scalability, safety and authenticity. Modern biotechnology exploits transgenic crops to get large quantities of complex proteins in a cost-effective way. In order to overcome several challenges from biosafety point of view, the chloroplast transformation strategy is one of the best approaches since plastids are strictly maternally inherited in most of the cultivated species. Further, chloroplasts allow hyper expression of recombinant DNA with correct folding of expressed protein due to the presence of chaperonin proteins. Hence transplastomic technology is the best choice, now days, to overexpress pharmaceuticals cost-effectively. In the present study the interferon alpha genes were synthesized by using complex set of oligos. After sequence confirmation of the synthesized genes, the histidine residues along with the thrombin protease site were engineered upstream to the synthetic interferon alpha 5 and 2 genes. The recombinant fragments were then tethered with chloroplast light inducible promoter, rbcL followed by sequential cloning to develop chloroplast transformation vector to target the cassettes into the inverted repeat region of plastome through two events of homologous recombination. Since chloroplast and E. coli transcriptional and translational machineries have similarities to express recombinant genes, therefore the chloroplast specific expression cassettes were first expressed in E. coli and selection was performed on spectinomycin because the vector carries selectable marker gene aadA that encodes aminoglycoside-3`-adenyltransferase and confers resistance to both spectinomycin and streptomycin. The expression of interferon genes was assessed and a reasonable level of recombinant protein was recorded. Encouraged from these experiments with E. coli cells harboring chloroplast transformation vector, sterile tobacco leaves were bombarded using biolistic gun. The putative transgenic plants, obtained as a result of antibiotic selection of chopped bombarded leaves, were subjected to different round of selection and regeneration for homoplasmicity. The spectinomycin-resistant shoots were routinely analyzed for gene presence through PCR and the expression of introduced synthetic genes was recorded using ELISA technique. It was experienced that mature leaves contained high levels interferon compared to young and senescence leaves.