پروفیسر سید احتشام حسین
پروفیسر سید احتشام حسین صدر شعبۂ اردو الٰہ آباد یونیورسٹی کی ناگہانی وفات علمی و ادبی دنیا کا بڑا سانحہ ہے، مرحوم اس دور کے چوٹی کے ادیبوں اور نقادوں میں تھے، ترقی پسند ادب کے تو معلم و رہنما تھے، اس دور کے نوجوان ادیبوں کی پوری نسل ان سے متاثر ہوئی، جدید ادب کے ساتھ قدیم ادبیات پر بھی ان کی نظر بڑی گہری، اور مبصرانہ تھی، اور وہ اس کی اچھی روایات کے بھی قدرشناس تھے، لسانیات سے بھی واقف تھے، انھوں نے سیکڑوں ادبی و تنقیدی مضامین اور بعض مستقل کتابیں لکھیں، اگرچہ وہ ترقی پسندوں کے امام تھے لیکن ان کے خیالات میں بڑا اعتدال و توازن اور زبان و قلم دونوں میں بڑی شایستگی تھی، اس لئے جدید کے ساتھ قدیم طبقہ میں بھی ان کی بڑی قدر تھی، وہ ابتداء میں لکھنؤ یونیورسٹی کے شعبۂ اردو کے لکچر مقرر ہوئے اور تقریباً ۱۵- ۱۶ سال اس عہدہ پر رہے، پھر الٰہ آباد یونیورسٹی اردو کے صدر ہوگئے تھے، اردو کی تمام اہم مجالس کے ممتاز رکن تھے، کوئی اہم ادبی اجتماع ان کے بغیر کامیاب نہ سمجھا جاتا تھا، انھوں نے مختلف حیثیتوں سے اردو کی بڑی قیمتی خدمات انجام دیں اور ہر محاذ پر اردو کے مخالفین کا مقابلہ کیا۔
ان علمی کمالات کے ساتھ وہ طبعاً بڑے متین، سنجیدہ، شریف اور وضعدار تھے، ان کے علم سے زیادہ ان کے اخلاق و شرافت کا اثر پڑتا تھا، دارالمصنفین سے ان کو دہرا تعلق تھا، ایک علمی و ادبی دوسرا وطنی، ماہل ضلع اعظم گڑھ ان کا وطن تھا، ہائی اسکول تک ان کی تعلیم بھی اعظم گڑھ میں ہوئی تھی، اسی زمانہ سے ان کو دارالمصنفین سے تعلق تھا، جو ہر زمانہ میں یکساں قائم رہا، جب تک وہ لکھنؤ میں رہے، اکثر ان...
Developmental projects are essential ingredients of prosperity and well-being. Every nation has to ensure that her people are living in a perfect and safe sociopolitical environment. However, it varies from region to region and place to place. UK as a country is a big economy which is capable of giving its people the type of security they need. For this purpose, various types of strategies have been emphasized which enable the government to look for the benefit of its people. Open data system is one of these important developments which have been initiated by the UK government to provide huge access to databases. It improves their learning and knowledge, and gives the opportunity to think ‘out of box’. It also enables people to polish their learning skills and take things out of their resources and utilize them fully. Although, there is some compulsion on the use of private data sources, yet it is necessary to know that not all data are confidential. The research looks into the pros and cons of using open data systems and to assess its impacts on the social and political development in UK. The use of open data system is not only beneficial for the people to perform their daily life tasks, it is important to evade corruption and foster great accountability of national institutions. So, there remains feeble chance of witnessing corruption in the society that could cause chaos in the nation. The use of open data systems is important for boosting up innovation and creativity for a developing country like Pakistan. Open data system has been seen playing a big part in establishing a trend of innovative growth pushed by the availability of these resources. The influence and impact of ‘Open Data’ has largely been observed during the recent Coronavirus pandemic (Covid-19) where the government has utilized the data to tackle the disease in Pakistan.
In the present research the difference of anxiety and depression level of the fathers of neurotic and psychotic children was studied. In order to find out the level of anxiety and depression among fathers of neurotic and psychotic children, IPAT anxiety Scale and IPAT Depression Scale were used followed by an interview to obtain information and history from them. Three hundred fathers participated in the study. Hundred fathers have neurotic children , hundred had psychotic children and hundred had normal children. A chi-square test was computed for the statistical analysis of data. Hypothesis No 5 when calculated for Statistical significance on the sample of 100 subjects in each group i.e. fathers of neurotic and psychotic children rendereda X^2 of 3.26 which made it insignificant by the fraction of difference as the X^2 of 3.84 is required to make it significant at the level of P<.05. It was then decided to increase the data by 20 subjects in each group to find out the Statistical significance as expected the X^2 with the increased data was significant at .05 level. It was concluded that the fathers of neurotic children have high sten scores on anxiety and depression than the fathers of psychotic children. Moreover anxiety sten scores were higher than the depression sten scores comparatively.