میاں بیوی میں سے ایک کا قبول اسلام

In the early days of Islam, either of the married couple entering into Islam does not affect their marriage contract and it continued to be valid even after the Emigration of the Holy Prophet (peace and mercy be upon him) to Madina. In fact, it has been observed until Hudhabiya Truce was signed. It was also included the terms if someone from Quraish without accompanying the wali approaches the Holy Prophet (Peaceand Mercy be upon him), he/she will be returned to Makkah. After this agreement, many women came to Madina and embraced Islam. But their spouses and relatives followed them their way to Madina. They claimed them back to Makkah. In this respect, Allah almighty revealed a verse of Surah Mumtahina, which is an express evidence that such believing women must not be returned to their former infidel husbands. They were commanded so to marry believing husbands after their separation from their disbelieving spouses. Through this verse, Muslim husbands were forbidden to stay and have conjugal relations with their nonbelieving wives, too. Similarly,  every believing wife was forbidden to reside with her disbelieving husband. The companions abided by the ruling in its entirety and separated from their non- believing spouses. Jurists have derived many instructions from the verse 10 of Surah Mumtahina, which are discussed in this paper.

Performance of Various Tree Species As Irrigated by Urban Wastewater

The Research work was designed to determine growth behaviour and to assess the potential of various tree species for uptake of heavy metals under different irrigation regimes. Domestic wastewater (DW) accelerated the growth of almost all the species. Municipal wastewater (MW) irrigation was the second best in this regard. Tree heights gained by the tree species under MW irrigation were 8% less than DW followed by canal water (CW) (25% less). Similarly, collar diameter of all the species under MW irrigation was 10% less than the diameter gained under DW irrigation (7.41cm) but greater than CW (23% less). Relatively smaller collar diameter under MW might be due to stress of some metal contamination found in it. Maximum diameter under DW was due to highly favourable status of nutrients, organic matter and moderate level of pollutants. Almost all of the tree species showed higher uptake of metals under MW irrigation followed by DW. Metal uptake by the tree species under CW irrigation was significantly low. However, Ni uptake was maximum under DW followed by MW irrigation. Populus deltoides (38.95 mg kg -1 ) and Dalbergia sissoo (29.70 mg kg -1 ) efficiently absorbed Cd metal. Leucaena leucocephala and Albizzia procera absorbed 66 and 70% less Cd than Populus deltoides, respectively. Melia azedarach and Eucalyptus camaldulensis had 22.3 mg kg -1 and 20.16 mg kg -1 Cd, respectively. P. deltoides, A. procera and M. azedarach proved to be good absorbents of Cr. However, E. camaldulensis (~53% less uptake), L. leucocephala and D. sissoo (73% less uptake) were poor in this regard. Cu concentration was highest in P. deltoides (245.45 mg kg -1 ). The performance of M. azedarach and A. procera (61% and 59% Cu uptake) was quite reasonable. The rests of the species were not very active to absorb Cu. Tree species like P. deltoides, M. azedarach and A. procera were efficient absorbents of Ni. All other species had negligible absorption of Ni from soil and water mediums. P. deltoides was most effective in Pb uptake followed by D. sissoo. A. procera and M. azedarach performed moderately in this regard. Data revealed that L. leucocephala remained Pb free under each irrigation source. The results suggested that L. leucocephala was suitable for forage purpose as it was free from Pb causing low risk to animal health. A. procera, M. azedarach and P. deltoides captured more Zn than all other species.