نبی کریم ﷺ کی خانگی و معاشرتی زندگی کے اہم پہلو

The Holy Quran Says: “Indeed in (the life of) the Messenger of Allah (Muhammad SAW) you have a good example to follow” (Al-Ahzab: 33/21). The present article shows that “the good example” of the Prophet (SAW) encompasses different aspects of human life including family and social one. The article brings to light that as a guardian of the household; the Prophet (SAW) sincerely looked after the daily needs of his family members and also took full care of guiding them in religious matters. He was habitual of doing his own works and sharing the burden of his family in domestic works. He gave preference to the needy among the companions (particularly Ashab-i- Suffah) over his family members in giving assistance for meeting the day-today requirements. With regard to the social life of the Prophet (SAW), the article discusses in detail that with multifarious duties, how he used to fulfill his social responsibilities regularly and faithfully. The author mainly emphasizes the active participation of the Prophet (SAW) in the collective works with his companions, strictly adhering to the principle of equality and desiring no distinction for himself while doing works. The article further takes into account the ideal practices of the Prophet (SAW) with regard to attending to the needs of poor, distressed and grieved persons without any discrimination between Muslims and non-Muslims. It also comes to light that the Prophet (SAW) was quite generous towards guests and sympathetic to patients including Muslims and non-Muslims. His mingling and associating with common people and attending to their problems of varied nature was also a striking feature of his social life. Moreover, it was also shown in the article with reference to the authentic sources, that the Prophet (SAW) was great helpful and cooperative particularly for the people of the weaker sections of society including slaves, servants, orphans, widows and disabled persons. In the light of the noble practices of the Prophet (SAW), this was highlighted by the contributor in the different parts of the article that he had left ideal examples of gentleness, justice, equality and transparency in dealing with people in social life and discharging his duties as the Prophet and head of the state. In fact, the total conformity (mutabaqat) between his sayings and practices was a shining example of his high character which had left a great and lasting impact on the society through ages and also contributed to make him the greatest personality of the world. It was observed by the author in the conclusion that the life of the Prophet (SAW) has been ideal from every aspect of human life. His Uswah-i- Mubarakah regarding social life has great importance from the point of view that it is mostly related to the fulfillment of human rights, particularly behaving and dealing with the people different shades. Of course, taking care and fulfillment of human rights is full of difficult trials and complicated problems especially in the present days. So, the Sirah of the Prophet (SAW) is quite relevant to tackle the problems of social life, as well as great useful for bringing reform in the decaying society of modern period.

Impact of Educational Leadership on Institutional Performance in Punjab

There are varieties of definitions given to the term “leadership”. Leadership is generally considered as the relationship between an individual and a group built around some common interest and behaving in a manner directed or determined by him. Most definitions of leadership reflect the assumption that it involves a social influence process whereby intentional influence is exerted by one person (or group) over other people (or groups) to structure the activities and relationships in a group or organization. It is fact that effective leaders are major cause of quality education but effective educational leadership is in a state of crisis because:- a. authorities feel scarcity of highly qualified candidates for leadership role, b. ill-preparation, inadequate support and other demands of leader’s job block progress of organization and, c. often leaders are good academician but lack in managerial knowledge, skills, attitudes and motivation needed to run an organization successfully. Keeping in view of global scenario overall situation in education sector particularly in educational leadership and management in Pakistan remains disappointing with some pockets of progress. Prior to this, little work has been done to study impact of educational leadership behaviour on institutional performance. This study provides sufficient guidelines for policy makers to take appropriate measures for quality education by examining impact of behavioural dimensions (relation & task-oriented behaviour) and demographics (attributes and situational factors) of a leader on institution performance. Current study was conducted to investigate the impact of behavioural dimensions (relation-oriented & task-oriented behaviour) and demographics (situational factors & attributes) of via leader on institutional performance particularly in province Punjab. It examines in terms of intensity of differences and associations with leadership behavioural dimensions, situational factors & attributes and organizational outcomes. This research study is significant because it may provide a factual position about level of competency of educational leader in an organization, provide a platform for decision-makers for adopting appropriate course of action required for development of educational institutions and add more knowledge towards leadership behavioural dimensions in assessing its effectiveness on institutional performance. For this research study stratified quota sampling procedure was observed. The target population was all educational administrators working in educational institutions in public sector in Punjab and accessible population for this study was 25% i.e. (76) Heads of GHSSs, 25% i.e. (55) Principals each of GDCs, 100% i.e. (6) Principals GCEs, 50% i.e. (17) EDOs (Education) and 50% i.e. (17) DEOs (Education). Head of each cluster and eight respective subordinates participated in the study. The subordinates were selected randomly. Nature of the study was descriptive type. It was based on comparison of variables comprised of behavioural dimensions (relation & task-oriented behaviour) and demographics (attributes & situational) factors of a leader. Three questionnaires were developed after going through extensive literature review. These were Leader Behaviour Description Questionnaire (LBDQ), Institutional Performance Questionnaire (IPQ) and Leadership Demographics Checklist (LDC). Data was collected personally from those institutions situated in easy access areas, by post due to shortage of time and financial constraints and with the help of friends working in those institutions in remote areas. Collected data were sorted, organized, cleaned and analyzed to see multiple comparisons of groups by applying one of the parametric correlation coefficient techniques; the Pearson Product-Moment Correlation and one way ANOVA, to explore any difference between relation and task oriented leadership behaviour towards institutional performance and findings and conclusions were drawn after data analysis. viiThis concludes that task oriented behaviour & relation oriented behaviour is not independent with each other. They are dependent in a sense that one of dimensions of behaviour affects other one. The strong relationship between these two variables is optional for high leadership effectiveness for achieving the objectives of organization. Educational leaders who attended more management courses, having age above 45 years, vast experience, above board results, having more employees under their administrative control, higher professional qualification and experience in preparing PC-1 shown better institutional performance.