مولانا سید شاہ رضوان اﷲ قادری مجیبی
افسوس ہے کہ خانقاہ مجیبیہ پھلواری شریف پٹنہ کے سجادہ نشین مولانا سید شاہ رضوان اﷲ قادری مجیبی ۳۱؍ دسمبر ۲۰۰۳ء کو وفات پاگئے، اِنا ﷲ وَاِنا اِلیہ رَاجِعونْ۔
ابھی عمر کی جس منزل میں وہ تھے، یہ جانے کے دن نہیں ہوتے لیکن مشیت الٰہی میں کس کا دخل؟ موت کا تو وقت مقرر ہے، فَاِذَا جَآءَ اجلُھُمْ لَا یستَأخِرُونْ سَاعۃ وَّلَا یستَقْدِمُوْنَ۔[الاعراف:۳۴]
خانقاہ مجیبیہ کا علمی و روحانی فیض مدت دراز سے جاری ہے، شاہ صاحب اس کی قدیم روایات اور اپنے عالی مقام اسلاف کی خصوصیات اور خوبیوں کے حامل تھے اور خود بھی ایک صاحب فیض عالم اور ذاکر و شاغل بزرگ تھے، ان کی ذات سے ہزاروں طالبین و سالکین فیض یاب ہورہے تھے مگر اب تزکیہ و اصلاح اور ارشاد کا یہ سرچشمہ بند ہوگیا۔
ان کو تقویٰ و اخلاص، صوم و صلوٰۃ کی پابندی، سادگی و درویشی اور خوش مزاجی و خوش خلقی ورثے میں ملی تھی، راقم کو دو تین بار ان کی خدمت میں حاضری اور ان کی پاکیزہ سیرت اور مطہر زندگی کے جلوے دیکھنے کا اتفاق ہوا، ہر بار نہایت خندہ پیشانی سے ملے اور لطف و کرم سے پیش آئے، اﷲ تعالیٰ ان کے درجات بلند کرے اور پس ماندگان کو صبر جمیل عطا کرے، آمین۔
(ضیاء الدین اصلاحی، فروری ۲۰۰۴ء)
This article aims to highlight an important aspect of Islamic Law, which relates to social life of a Muslim. Islamic law promotes social harmony and tolerance, but it makes it balance in the light of basic principles and objectives of Shar'īah. Likewise, Islamic law determines social relation between Muslims with each other as well as the relation of Muslims with Non-Muslim citizens in the Islamic state. Furthermore, it is very significant to know that a Muslim can participate in the traditional and religious functions of Non-Muslim or not? Islamic law has made some parameters in this regard, in this research paper we have focused on this specific issue of Islamic law and tried to explain the legal status of this issue in the light of Quran, Prophetic traditions, and opinions of Muslim Scholars. The research method applied in this paper is descriptive and critical study of different school of thoughts is also provided. Muslims have a long history of mutual contacts with the non-Muslims guided by the Shar’īah principles as they have come together in every age in different political and geographical contexts. In the early days of Islam, Muslims were in the minority. At that time, Muslims participated in the social life of their non-Muslims neighbors. Islam respects other religions. Provides all kinds of facilities to non-Muslims. And allows Muslims to participate in their legitimate programs.۔
The purpose of the current study is to examine the role of external influences (i.e. E- environment and Technology-Internet-Quality) associated with individual’s psychological influences (i.e. Learning Orientation, Learning Motives, Perceived-Ease-of-Use and Perceived- Usefulness) and customer satisfaction. Basically, study identifies the environmental, technological and psychological perspectives in the development/creation of particular of consumer’s response behaviors through the cognitive process in the context of e-learning. Current study was based on descriptive and causal research design. Data was collected from a sample of 1,338 customer / students of e-learning (from three universities providing E- learning education) through convenient sampling. Hence, responses were analyzed using structural equation modeling through AMOS 22. The results suggest that customers’ e-environmental, technological and psychological influences play a significant role in the development of customer satisfaction as well as subjective well-being. In comprehensive manner, the finding indicates that ‘E-environment (i.e. Self-Paced Learning Environment and Instructor-Led Learning Environment)’ and ‘Technology factors (i.e. Technology Quality and Internet Quality)’ have positive impact on individual’s psychological influences (i.e. Learning Orientation, Learning Motives, Perceived-Ease-of-Use and Perceived- Usefulness) and which ultimately determine customer’s satisfaction and his/her subjective wellbeing. Finally, the overall results of the current study contribute in building a rigor of social cognitive theory and consumer planned behavior theory in the context of e-learning. The study, adds significant value to the literature in three ways: first, it provides comprehensive discussion on e-learning construct and also the role of motivational forces in the ixformation of customer satisfaction as well as his/her subjective well-being from two perspectives i.e. external influence (e-environment and technology elements) and internal influence (psychological elements). Second, Stimulus-Organism-Response framework is used to conceptualize and propose that an individual’s external influences affect the psychological influences, thus leading to the development of response behavior. Third, conceptual framework is based on the integration of two disciplines in the formation of individual ‘behavior i.e. ‘consumer behavior’ (Stimulus-Organism-Response Model) and Information Technology (Technology Acceptance Model). Basically, this framework is used to test and verification of the individual’s planned behavior theory derived from individual psychology, social psychology and IT. According to consumer’s cognitive process, it is established that customer’s e-environmental, and technological factors have significant impact on psychological characteristics which ultimately effects his/her response behaviors. This study would be helpful in making good relationships with customers/students to improve their learning skills and enhance learning motives. To the knowledge of the researcher, the study of customer satisfaction and subjective well-being simultaneously in individual’s psychology, consumer behavior studies and technology contexts is almost ignored. Neither has it been studied quantitatively. Thus, the current study also intends to fill these gaps and contributes to the existing literature on these issues besides improving the understanding of the academicians, policy makers, universities’ management, psychologists, behaviorists, IT experts and marketers regarding these major issues working behind e-learning implementation.