سید ابوالنظر رضوی
افسوس ہے ہمارے حمیم صمیم سید ابو النظر رضوی کا۸/اپریل کوکراچی میں انتقال ہوگیا۔موصوف امروہہ ضلع مراد آباد کے شرفا اورنامور رؤسا میں سے تھے، بلا کے ذہین اور طباع تھے۔درس نظامی کا بڑا حصہ مدرسہ امدادیہ مرادآباد میں پڑھا تھااورپھر آخر میں ایک سال دارالعلوم دیوبند میں رہ کر تکمیل کی تھی۔اردو کے صاحب طرزانشاء پرداز اورادیب تھے۔طبیعت میں روانی غضب کی تھی۔تقسیم سے پہلے برہان میں اُن کے مقالات اکثر نکلتے رہتے تھے۔اس کے علاوہ دوسرے ادبی اورعلمی رسالے بھی مرحوم کے مضامین فخر سے شایع کرتے تھے۔ ۱۹۴۸ء میں یکایک اپنی تمام جائیدادواملاک چھوڑ چھاڑ کرکرا چی چل دیے۔بڑی تمناؤں اورآرزؤں کولے کر گئے تھے لیکن ایک بھی پوری نہیں ہوئی اورہزاروں روپیہ ماہوار کاخرچ رکھنے والا وہاں عسرت وتنگدستی کاشکارہوکر رہنے لگا۔ان پیہم ناکامیوں اورمایوسیوں کانتیجہ یہ ہواکہ تپ دق میں مبتلا ہوگئے۔مرنے سے چندماہ پہلے ایک خط میں کس حسرت سے لکھتے ہیں:’’قدرت کے کارخانے بھی عجیب ہیں۔ جب میرے پاس ریاست تھی،دولت تھی اورطاقت تھی اس وقت مجھ کویہ موذی مرض نہ دیاکہ میں اس کامقابلہ کرسکتا تھا، اب اس غریب الوطنی اورتنگدستی میں مجھ کو اس بیماری میں مبتلا کرکے سوائے اس کے کہ قدرت’’گربہ و موش‘‘ کا تماشا دکھانا چاہے اورکیا فائدہ ہے؟‘‘
بعض خاص اسباب کی بناپر مذہبی خیالات میں عدم توازن پیداہوگیا تھا اور قرآن مجید میں بعض عجیب طرح کی تاویلات و توجیہات کرنے لگے تھے۔ یوں نہایت شریف، بامروت،دوست نواز،بے حد خلیق اورملنسار تھے۔مہماں نوازی بڑی عالی ظرفی سے کرتے تھے۔ اﷲ تعالیٰ اُن کی لغزشوں اورغلطیوں سے درگزر فرماکر ان کو مغفرت وبخشش کی نعمت سے نوازے۔آمین [مئی۱۹۵۶ء]
Consensus of opinions of religious scholars of Muslim Ummah in any era is the legal instrument to validate admissibility or inadmissibility of something in Shariah. The consensus is categorized into different types on the basis of its dimensions, attributes and modes. Compound Consensus is the type of consensus that is the bunch of contradictory judgments of Muslim Scholars of the era of companions of the Prophet s.a.w. And their disciples by accepting it as Shariah source. There is difference of opinion among Muslim scholars to believe it as a valid source to authenticate Shariah injunctions and commandments. Especially the scholars are divided into two groups on the authenticity of compound consensus of the disciples of the companions of the Prophet s.a.w. The article deals with different discussions about compound consensus of in principle and of the disciples of the companions of the Prophet s.a.w, its significance and validity, and misperceptions about its validity. After discussion, it seems better to consider compound consensus as an acceptable argument. The article has been written in analytical mode.
Robots are playing quite a useful role in many industries. In nuclear industry, robots protect radiation workers from receiving radiation doses while working in highly active areas. They also improve the quality of work and demonstrate profitability in nuclear industry. The aim of this project was to design and develop a Radiation Protection Assistant Robot (RPAR) for assisting radiation workers in a radioactive environment for routine work as well as in emergency situation. During an emergency situation, where higher doses are likely to be received, RPAR can be used effectively to perform various tasks, such as radiation mapping, sampling and handling radioactive waste/materials. To accomplish these tasks a mobile robot having 4 Degree-Of-Freedom (DOF) articulated robotic arm was designed and developed using locally available components and indigenous resources. The mechanical segments, i.e. gripper, wrist, elbow, shoulder and waist were developed at Pakistan Institute of Engineering & Applied Sciences (PIEAS) and Pakistan Institute of Nuclear Science & Technology (PINSTECH). The main platform was developed to carry on-board computer, rechargeable battery, controlling electrical and electronics modules/circuits. The electronic modules have been developed using components available in local market. These modules include H-bridge, relay logic, parallel port interface and limit switch modules. Control panel and remote console are developed to control and operate the RPAR. An embedded controller card was also developed to determine the positions of various links of RPAR. RPAR weighs 55.6 kg. It is powered by a 12 V DC rechargeable dry battery. Its maximum payload capacity and reach are 2.1 kg and 1.04 m, respectively. It can be controlled by a wired remote control or an off-board PC via wireless Ethernet. Three Software namely RPARSOFT, RPAR-DEMO and SEDAS were designed and developed using Visual Basic 6.0. RPARSOFT was developed to operate the RPAR from the keyboard of an off-board computer. The RPAR- DEMO was developed to self check the electrical and electronic modules of RPAR, whereas, SEDAS was designed for the embedded controller card to determine the real time position of wrist, elbow, shoulder and waist of RPAR. Kinematics studies, Dynamics analysis, manipulator Jacobian and work space analyses were performed to study the performance and range of the robot. Repeatability range and payload capacity of RPAR was measured. Radiation hardening study has also been carried out to check the stability and reliability of the commercial components in the field of gamma radiation. The modules were found working satisfactorily before and after irradiating them up to a dose of 9 Sv. The objectives have been achieved successfully.