بحضور استادِ محترم خواجہ غلام قطب الدین فریدی
(سجادہ نشین دربارِ عالیہ گڑھی شریف)
فریدالدینؒ کی حاصل جسے محبت ہے
اُسی فقیر یگانہ سے مجھ کو نسبت ہے
نہیں ہے آپ کو رغبت کوئی بھی دنیا سے
خوشا! کہ آپ کو شعر و سخن سے رغبت ہے
عطا کیا ہے مجھے آپ نے وہ ذوقِ سلیم
مرے خیال میں اب بے پناہ وسعت ہے
ہوئی ہے فکر بہت نعت میں رواں میری
قسم خدا کی یہ اُن کا ہی فیضِ نسبت ہے
رہِ سخن پہ جو میں ہوں چلا تو میرے حضور
قدم قدم پہ مجھے آپ کی ضرورت ہے
مجھے یہ فخر ہے تائبؔ ہوں آپ کا تلمیذ
میں خوش نصیب ہوں میرے لیے سعادت ہے
Coetzee anticipates the moral dilemma of today's individuals, in order to achieve his aim torevert the current trends in moral philosophy which has marked morality with individual partialities. The morality of self/will has pervaded in the society with substantial philosophical argumentation as well. This research intends to study Dionysian morality in comparison with modern (Appolonian) principles of morality as presented by Coetzee. The research is planned to differentiate the two by presenting their roots with logical reasons; Nietzsche's conception of morality and the need of Freudian repression. In the context of Disgrace Coetzee developed his moral theory through circumstantial justice with such a force that all reasons given by Overman (Übermensch) of Nietzsche fail. The paper will unveil the relationship of power and the need for justice. Coetzee proves the importance of Freudian Repression Theory that makes everybody responsible for the concord in a society. The cultivation of Dionysian concept of life only brings disgrace to man, and such philosophies can only be supported when the individual is in power, vulnerability in the society makes man to understand the value of morality and exercise of proper judicial system. South Africal context of the novel situates the anticipation of Dionysian cult in more understanding way to the audience. To avoid social Darwinism, state institutions should come in action in order to ensure the equal power distribution among the masses. Uneven distribution of power creates only oppressors and victims in the society, which further lead society to chaos. Coetzee proves the importance of circumstantial justice over the institutional justice, as institutional justice can punish only but the transformation of transgressor only takes place with circumstantial justice and for the betterment of society, transformation provides better results than punishment because institutions do create a different power structures that also work to suppress people.
Nanostructures/(CuTl)0.5Ba2Can-1CunO(2n+4)–δ, {CuTl-12(n-1)n}; n = 3, 4} superconducting composites were synthesized by solid-state reaction (SSR) technique and their superconducting behavior was examined by different available experimental techniques. Anti-ferromagnetic chromium (Cr) nanoparticles (NPs), ferromagnetic cobalt (Co) and nickel (Ni) NPs, non-magnetic zinc (Zn) NPs and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) of different wt. % have been inserted in CuTl-12(n-1)n; n = 3, 4 superconducting matrices and their effects on the structure, morphology and composition was carried out by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy. The transport properties and magnetic field response were explored by restivity versus temperature (RT) measurements with the help of four point probe method and ac-susceptibility (χac) measurements, respectively. The experimental data was further analyzed theoretically by different models such as Aslamazov-larkin (AL), Lawrence-Donaich (LD) and Maki-Thompson(MT) models. It has been observed that the inclusion of different nanostructures (NS) in polycrystalline CuTl-12(n-1)n; n= 3, 4 superconducting matrices do not change their tetragonal structure and stichoimetry. Increasing concentrations of magnetic NPs (Cr, Co,Ni) additions in host CuTl-12(n-1)n}; n= 3, 4 superconducting matrices reduce the diamagnetic strength and superconducting volume fraction and cause suppression in characteristic superconducting parameters. The suppression of superconducting parameters after addition of these magnetic NPs can be accredited to spin scattering of carriers due to net magnetic moment, which tend to remain align in particular blocked state and oxygen disorder in superconducting regions. Non-magnetic Zn and CNTs also diminish superconductivity because of enhanced carrier scattering cross section at inter-crystallite sites. Theoretical fluctuation induced conductivity (FIC) analysis confirm the suppression of superconducting characteristic parameters by these NS inclusions in CuTl-12(n-1)n}; n= 3, 4 superconducting matrices. Decrease in coherence length (ξ), increase in penetration depth (λp.d) and shifting of 3D regions towards lower temperature values illustrate the increased insulation at grain-boundaries and decrease in optimum charge carriesr density after addition of these NS in CuTl-12(n-1)n}; n= 3, 4 superconducting matrices