الدعوة الاسلامية دعوة عالمية

Allah almighty has created Human beings, the angels, and jinn for His worship alone. To guide the human beings to the right path, Allah almighty has sent many messengers to all nations and pieces of lands. Hazrat Adam (A. S.) was the first human being as well as the first Prophet of Allah on the Earth, while the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) was the last of all in this chain. There will be no prophet after him. Now, it is the duty of every Muslims to carry and spread this universal message to the whole humanity. In this context, the message of Islam is universal. This article deals with this issue through giving proofs from the Holy Qur'an and Sunnah.

Phytochemical and Biological Investigation on Berberis Jaeschkeana Schneid Var. Jaeschkeana and Berberis Glaucocarpa Stapf

This dissertation consists of two parts, Part A and Part B. Part A describes the phytochemical investigations of Berberis jaeschkeana Schneid var. jaeschkeana and Berberis glaucocarpa Stapf (Berberidaceae). A total of twenty two compounds (111-132) were isolated from the two plant species. These include four new compounds namely; 10-hydroxy chondrofoline (111), 8,12,12a-trihydroxy-11,13a-berberin-dione (112) 10-methoxy chondrofoline (113) and docosyl-2-hydroxytetracosanoate (114) and eighteen new source compounds from these plant species. The new source compounds are: berberine (115), palmatine (116), columbamine (117), pseudoberberine (118), gallic acid (119), β-sitosterol (120), 8-hydroxy-7,8- dihydroberberine (121), docosanoic acid (122), methyl gallate (123), oxyacanthine (124), jatrorrhizine (125), 8-oxoberberine (126), β-sitosterol glucoside (127), 8-trichloromethyldihydroberberine (128), pseudopalmatine (129), syringic acid (130), syringaresinol (131) and stigmasterol (132).The structure of all the isolated compounds were determined by various spectroscopic techniques like 1 HNMR, 13 CNMR, HMBC, HSQC, NOESY, COSY, DEPT, EIMS, ESIMS and HRESIMS. The structures of the new source compounds were confirmed by comparing their spectral data with the literature. Part B deal with the biological activities of crude extracts, fractions and compounds. Most of the compounds and fractions were evaluated for their anti-microbial, anti- trypanosomal, anti-fungal and anti-diabetic properties. Anti-microbial properties of fractions and compounds were determined using Alamar blue TM 96-well plate and agar xiv well diffusion method. Anti-fungal properties were evaluated using the tube dilution method. The anti-diabetic properties of fraction and compounds were evaluated by Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) enzyme method. Berberine (115), 8-trichloromethyldihydroberberine (128), jatrorrhizine (125), columbamine (117), and syringaresinol (131) and the fractions from which these compounds were isolated showed good anti-microbial properties. Similarly berberine (115), berberine chloroform (128), 8- oxoberberine (126), 10-hydroxy chondrofoline (111), syringaresinol (131) and their fractions showed good anti-trypanosomal properties. Most of the isolated compounds and fractions were also tested for their anti-fungal and anti-diabetic properties but none of them displayed significant anti-fungal or anti-diabetic properties. Some of them were moderately active.