معافی نامہ
ذواالفقار علی بھٹو جیل میںبیٹھے کچھ لکھ رہے تھے کہ ڈپٹی کمیشنر سعید مہدی نے اندر داخل ہو کر سلام کیا ۔بھٹو نے اوپر کی طرف دیکھ کر پوچھا کیوں آئے ہو ؟سعید مہدی نے کہا سر معافی نامے کے کاغذات لایا ہوں اس پر دستخط کر دیں ۔بھٹو نے کاغذ اپنے ہاتھ میں لیے اور پوچھا یہ کس نے بھیجا ہے ۔سعید مہدی نے جواب دیا جنرل ضیاء الحق نے ۔بھٹو نے مسکراتے ہو ئے پوچھا مجھے جا نتے ہو ۔سعید مہدی نے جواب دیا ’’سر آ پ کو کون نہیں جانتا ۔آپ ذواالفقار علی بھٹو ہیں ۔بھٹو نے پوچھا میرے باپ کو جانتے ہو اس نے کہا سر بالکل سر شاہنواز بھٹو کو بھی سب جا نتے ہں ۔بھٹو نے اوپر دیکھ کر پوچھا جنرل ضیاء الحق کے باپ کو جانتے ہو سعید مہدی نے نفی میں سر ہلا کر no sirبھٹو نے اس اسے کاغذات واپس دیتے ہوئے کہا جا ئو اسے کہو جس کے باپ کا کچھ پتہ نہیں ذواالفقار علی بھٹو اس سے معافی کی درخواست کیسے کرسکتا ہے ۔
Upbringing of children is a significant job which is carried out at homes, day care centers, formal and informal schools or institutions. Proper and socially acceptable change in the behavior of young children is needed in every society as per the social, cultural, regional and religious requirements. Different viewpoints are expressed in this regard especially about the use of corporal punishment in upbringing of children. This viewpoint is supported by some people while opposed by other at the same time. Islamic and Bible literature also provides guidance on this subject. The current paper deals with the Corporal punishment of children from the Islamic, Bible and contemporary points of view. Keywords: Bible, Islam, Contemporary Era, Corporal Punishmen
The concept of organizational learning has been the area of attention for academicians, practitioners, and
researchers for decades. Organizational developments as a subject realized the significance of cognitive
learning and behavioral development; and embraced the idea of ‘learning organization’ because of its
potential to create and sustain competitive advantage in an organization. The purpose of the study is to explore
the characteristics of a learning organization and examine the relationship of organizational learning and
competitive advantage. Knowledge acquired is disseminated through learning in organization. It is noted that
the petroleum companies are knowledge intensive and learning oriented, equipped with latest technologies
and facing intense competition.
In Pakistan, no empirical research work has been done to explore the concept of learning organization to date.
Literature review revealed systems thinking, mental models/culture, shared vision/mission, leadership,
knowledge/information flow, personal mastery and team learning as antecedents of a learning organization.
Survey questionnaire was distributed in all four strata of petroleum companies and in response of 225
questionnaires 170 were received back, out of which 165 were valid. Multiple regression analytic technique
was applied to test the hypotheses. Statistical analysis revealed that all chosen characteristics of a learning
organization significantly contribute towards achievement of competitive advantage. Shared vision and
systems thinking emerged as most significant contributors.
This study signifies the impact of learning to achieve competitive advantage and requires the attention of
executives and practitioners of organization development. It demands that the concept of learning
organization if implemented with strategic intent in petroleum companies of Pakistan can be a sustainable
source to develop and prepare organizations to cope up and adapt the environmental changes proactively.