حفیظ صدیقی
حفیظ صدیقی(۱۹۳۴ئ۔پ) پسرور کے گائوں برہان پور میں پیدا ہوئے۔ ۱۹۶۳ء میں گورنمنٹ جناح اسلامیہ کالج سیالکوٹ میں آپ کی بطور لیکچرار اردو تقرری ہوئی۔ ۱۹۷۳ء میں ایم۔اے او کالج لاہور میں تبادلہ ہوا۔ اس کالج سے ۱۹۹۳ء میں حفیظ سرکاری ملازمت سے ریٹائر ہوئے (۸۰۸) حفیظ صدیقی کے تمام شعری مجموعے صدیقی پبلی کیشنز لاہور سے طبع ہوئے۔
پہلا شعری مجموعہ ’’لمحوں کی آگ‘‘ ۱۹۷۶ء میں شائع ہوا۔ دوسرا شعری مجموعہ’’پہلی رات کا چاند‘‘ ۱۹۷۸ء میں شائع ہوا۔ ’’درد کا رشتہ‘‘ ان کا تیسرا شعری مجموعہ ہے جو ۱۹۷۸ء میں شائع ہوا۔ چوتھا شعری مجموعہ ’’لا زوال‘‘ کے نام سے ۱۹۹۲ء میں شائع ہوا۔’’لا مثال‘‘ ان کا پانچواں شعری مجموعہ ہے جو ۱۹۹۵ء میں طبع ہوا۔ چھٹا شعری مجموعہ ’’آنگن کا جہنم‘‘ ۱۹۷۷ء میں شائع ہوا۔ ان شعری مجموعوں کے علاوہ حفیظ کا شعری کلام پاکستان کے مختلف جرائد و رسائل میں چھپتا رہا۔ جسے مرتب کرنے کی ضرورت ہے ۔’’بارش کے پہلے قطرے‘‘ ،’’تشنہ تشنہ‘‘ ،’’خواب دیکھتے گزری‘‘ ،’’سکھ کا سراب‘‘،’’میرے سر پہ ہاتھ رکھنا‘‘،’’وہ میرے اندر ہی بس رہا ہے‘‘،اور ’’ہر موج سمندر‘‘ ان کے غیر مطبوعہ شعری مجموعے ہیں۔جوان کے لواحقین کے پاس مسودات کی صورت میں موجود ہیں ۔حفیظ صدیقی نے جب شعر کہنا شروع کیا تو وہ قیام پاکستان کے بعد کا دور تھا۔ اس وقت ترقی پسند تحریک ایک نئے دور میں داخل ہو گئی تھی۔ حفیظ کا اس تحریک سے براہ راست کوئی تعلق نہیں تھا۔ تاہم ان کی ابتدائی غزلوں میں ترقی پسند تحریک کے اثرات نظر آتے ہیں۔ ان کے ابتدائی کلام میں استحصال زدہ طبقے کے درد کی آواز سنائی دیتی ہے۔ حفیظ کی غزل میں نہ صرف روایتی انداز ہے بلکہ ان کے ہاں جدت بھی ملتی ہے۔ دھیمے لہجے میں وطن اور اپنی مٹی سے محبت کے ساتھ ساتھ خارج و باطن...
The current research was conducted to explore the possible causes of actual employee turnover and turnover intentions. Using Post positivism research philosophy, phenomenological qualitative research method was used to explore the phenomena. Semi-structured interviews of 21 bank employees (selected using purposive sampling) were conducted which were analyzed using NVivo 12. The research findings suggest many uniques themes in order to overcome the problem of employee turnover, especially for banks. The themes which were developed consisted of five significant themes such as the bank appraisals and reward system was identified as biased and based more on favoritism, employee feel that their actual performance is not evaluated properly and sincerely. The other factor concluded by the research findings is that the employees are dissatisfied with the salary and benefits, as they felt that there should a consistent effort to identify employee personal needs which should be customized accordingly in their compensation plans as well. The very essential factor recognized in the research finding was the upward and downward communication gaps with the employees. Such perceptions generated related issues as the employees felt that branches are much deprived to have a direct communication channel with the top team heads. The other very essential factor discovered after the investigation of the phenomena of turnover is lack of career growth. Lastly, another important cause of employee turnover was the transfers, which took place without the consent of the employee. Employees felt demotivated due to such transfers and changes in their work locations. Recommendations and future research directions have been at the end of the research
This project was basically run to explore the facts about exploding population of wild boar in the area of Islamabad; capital of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan. Due to dense human population as well as security reasons, gun shooting has been prohibited here by law. Accordingly, poison baiting may create problems for friendly wildlife species therefore non-chemical methods have been tried to control the numbers of this notorious animal in the area. In the present research, three types of the traps namely Panel Traps, Double Spike Snare Traps and Loop Traps were used at seven different study sites i.e. C.D.A-Nursery, F-9 Park, Faisal Mosque, Jasmine Garden, Near Prime Minister House, Quaid-e-Azam University and Rawal Lake to assess out wild boar capturing efficacy of each mechanical device. Research activities were started with wild boar population estimates using dog flushing and counting method at all selected study sites. Flora at each site was measured using standard methodologies and density of the animal was correlated with floral patterns found in the locality. In order to test the efficacy of above said trapping devices, fifteen sets of three traps were installed within each study sites and trapping data was collected. Different attractant materials were used to attract the target animal species toward the trapping devices considering the seasonal variation and availability of used attractant in the adjoining croplands. For example, boiled maize was not used as attractant when cultivated maize crop was available in the field. This activity was found helpful to test the usefulness of a particular attractant. Study on the biology of wild boar was another important aspect of this research. Total 529 animals captured and out of which 430 mature animals including males, females and piglets were used for autopsy. Strong positive correlated was observed between age of the female and number of piglets recovered. In the findings, older the female the greater the number of piglets and vice versa were observed. Piglet recovery ranged from 5 - 10 with the average of 7. Accordingly, data on gut content studies were completed. Stomachs of the killed animals were necropsied and analyzed up to species level with proportionate quantity of each items. Final results of this dissertation have shown that Panel Trap was the most effective device for trapping the animal using boiled maize and molasses as attractant. Further objective wise details have been given in thesis for the stakeholder to benefit the research findings.